Gas Exchange - COPD

Question 1

What is normally the biggest problem with gas exchange?

Answer 1

People cannot get rid of the CO2 and the structures in the lungs are damaged.

Question 2

What is hypoxia?

Answer 2

Reduced oxygen in the blood

Question 3

What is hypoxemia?

Answer 3

Absence of oxygen in the blood.

Question 4

Are boys or girls more common in getting asthma?

Answer 4

Boys, but can grow out of it.

Question 5

What are risk factors for gas exchange?

Answer 5

Smoking
Age
CF
HF
COPD
Immunosuppression
Immobility

Question 6

What are people with asthma sensitivite to?

Answer 6

Salicylate, which is found in many OTC meds.

Question 7

What can beta-blockers do to someone with lung problems?

Answer 7

Bronchospasms

Question 8

What are expected respiratory rate and blood pressure for someone with lung disease?

Answer 8

Raised

Question 9

What is Rhonchi?

Answer 9

Mucous rumbling in the lungs. Ask the pt to cough to loosen secretions.

Question 10

What is the normal pH for the blood?

Answer 10

7.35-7.45

Question 11

What are we looking for in a CBC?

Answer 11

Infection

Anemia

Question 12

Why is nutrition a challenge with COPD patients?

Answer 12

Patients often tired

Give them frequent high calorie meals

Question 13

What is the first thing you do when someone is having difficulty breahting?

Answer 13

Sit them up!

Question 14

What are the steps for applying a non rebreather mask?

Answer 14

Turn oxygen up to 15
Inflate the bag
Put it on their face.

Question 15

What is the max oxygen for a nasal cannula?

Answer 15

6 liters

Question 16

Why is asthma different from COPD?

Answer 16

It needs a trigger.

Question 17

How do we treat asthma attacks?

Answer 17

With a SABA

Short acting beta antagonist

Question 18

What is asthma asthmaticus?

Answer 18

When the lungs constrict and wont open up.

Question 19

What does remodeling mean?

Answer 19

Scar tissue

Question 20

Why do we not want our lungs to heal?

Answer 20

Because it becomes dysfunctional.

Question 21

What is the defining symptom of bronchitis vs emphysema?

Answer 21

In bronchitis you will cough up a lot of mucous.

Question 22

What are results of long term COPD?

Answer 22

Mucous hypersecretion
Mucosal edema
Bronchospasm

Question 23

Why does COPD occur?

Answer 23

Inhalation of noxious particles and gasses causes inflammation of central airways and in the healing process remodeling occurs and parenchymal destruction which results in pulmonary vascular changes.

Question 24

What is hypercapnia?

Answer 24

Too much carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 25

What fingernail issue do people with chronic hypoxia have?

Answer 25

Clubbed nails

Question 26

What race has the highest incidence with COPD?

Answer 26

White people | Hispanics have lower death rates

Question 27

What are the gender differences with COPD?

Answer 27

``` More common in men Men have worse response to o2 therapy COPD increasing in women More women die from COPD Women have lower quality of life ```

Question 28

What does pursed-lip breathing do?

Answer 28

Decreases anxiety | Increases gas exchange

Question 29

Hypoxemia values

Answer 29

PaO2 < 60 mmHg | SaO2 <88%

Question 30

Hypercapnia values

Answer 30

PaCO2 >45mmHg

Question 31

What is Cor pulmonale?

Answer 31

Right-sided heart failure

Question 32

What do anticholinergicsdo?

Answer 32

Relax the smooth muscle

Question 33

What is a 6 minute walk test?

Answer 33

To determine if you need oxygen at home

Question 34

What is a MUGA scan?

Answer 34

Tells us what is in there and how to get rid of it

Question 35

What do we give for moderate stage FEV <60%

Answer 35

Long acting anticholinergic LABA | Inhaled corticosteroids

Question 36

What is a bullectomy?

Answer 36

Removing the hyperinfected alveoli