Gas Exchange In Humans Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the role of diffusion in gas exchange?
Diffusion is the process which allows the movement of CO2 in and O2 out of alveoli.
What is bronchitis?
Bronchitis is irritation/inflammation in the bronchi(oles)
Name four ways in which alveoli are adapted for effective gas exchange.
1) Moist Lining; allows substances to dissolve and therefore diffuse quicker
2) Large Surface Area of alveoli/capillaries
3) Membrane is one cell thick; short diffusion distance
4) High concentration gradient; blood is mixed through capillaries to remove O2 and bring CO2
What is coronary heart disease?
Coronary Heart Disease is when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, hence limiting the supply of oxygen and glucose to respiring tissue
Which smoking-related disease is caused by the damaging of alveolar tissues?
Emphysema
How is pneumonia caused?
Pneumonia is caused by an infectious pathogen called Pneumococcus which enters the body due to the destruction of cilia, which means that mucus becomes sticky and hard to remove
Describe what happens during inhalation.
During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts to flatten. The external intercostal muscles contract, pulling the rib cage upwards and outwards, increasing the volume and consequently decreasing the pressure. Air then rushes in to equalise the pressure.
Describe what happens during active exhalation.
During active exhalation the abdominal muscles contract, pushing the diaphragm upwards. The internal intercostal muscles contract pulling the rib cage down and in. This is used during exercise.
Describe what happens during passive exhalation.
During passive exhalation the diaphragm relaxes to a dome shape. The external intercostal muscles relax, letting the ribs fall. This decreases volume and increases pressure, so air rushes out to equalise.
Which smoking-related disease is caused by the damaging of alveolar tissues?
Emphysema
How is pneumonia caused?
Pneumonia is caused by an infectious pathogen called Pneumococcus which enters the body due to the destruction of cilia, which means that mucus becomes sticky and hard to remove
Describe what happens during inhalation.
During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts to flatten. The external intercostal muscles contract, pulling the rib cage upwards and outwards, increasing the volume and consequently decreasing the pressure. Air then rushes in to equalise the pressure.
Describe what happens during active exhalation.
During active exhalation the abdominal muscles contract, pushing the diaphragm upwards. The internal intercostal muscles contract pulling the rib cage down and in. This is used during exercise.
Describe what happens during passive exhalation.
During passive exhalation the diaphragm relaxes to a dome shape. The external intercostal muscles relax, letting the ribs fall. This decreases volume and increases pressure, so air rushes out to equalise.
What does the C in ‘CORMS’ stand for?
Change - Independent Variable
How will you change it?
What does the O in ‘CORMS’ stand for?
Organism - same age/mass/gender etc.
What does the R in ‘CORMS’ stand for?
Repetition
What does the M in ‘CORMS’ stand for?
Measurements - Dependent Variable - how, what, when?
What does the S in ‘CORMS’ stand for?
Standardisation - controlled variables
