gaseous exchange Flashcards

(37 cards)

1
Q

what do green plants trap during photosynthesis and what does it manufacture

A

they trap light energy and manufacture organic compounds

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2
Q

why cant animals and humans make use of energy directly from the sun

A

they do not have chlorophyll to trap the radiant energy

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3
Q

how do animals and humans get their energy

A

by eating plants and animals that in turn may have eaten plants in this way light energy is transferred from the sun to all living organisms

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4
Q

what do humans and animals have to do with the energy they obtained from the food they eat

A

they need to find some way of releasing the energy that is locked in the food they have eaten and digested

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5
Q

what do we require energy for

A

for various things we do such as walking running and growth

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6
Q

cellular respiration

A

the process by which energy is released

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7
Q

what do we require for cellular respiration to take place

A

we require oxygen

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8
Q

why is oxygen necessary

A

without oxygen we will not be able to make use of the energy that is within the food we eat

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9
Q

where does oxygen move in the body

A

from the lungs into the blood and from here into the cells, carbon dioxide moves in the opposite direction (gas exchange)

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10
Q

importance of gas exchange

A

it ensures that the oxygen from the air in the atmosphere or the air that is drawn into the body of an organism is able to pass through to the cells that require them for cellular respiration

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11
Q

what is the by product of cellular respiration

A

carbon dioxide

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12
Q

why cant carbon dioxide be allowed to accumulate in the body of an organism

A

it is toxic to the organism .if it would combine with water to form carbonic acid which reduces the pH

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13
Q

what will happen if the pH is reduced

A

it will affect the action of the enzymes which are sensitive to changes in pH

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14
Q

second importance of gas exchange

A

it helps to bring the carbon dioxide to the surface of the organism so that it can be eliminated

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15
Q

what does air passages consist of

A

the nostrils nasal passages the trachea bronchi bronchioles make up the air passages

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16
Q

where does the nostrils lead to

A

they lead to the nasal cavities

17
Q

what is the purpose of nostril hair

A

remove dust from the inhaled air

18
Q

what separates the two nasal cavities from each other

A

by a vertical septum

19
Q

what is the nasal cavity further sub divided into

A

into three passages by the three turbinate bones

20
Q

what are the nasal passages lined by

A

by a ciliated columnar epithelial cells with goblet cells

21
Q

what is the air the passes through the nasal passages slowed down by

A

turbinate bones

22
Q

why is air slowed down by turbinate bones

A

so that the air is warmed moistened and cleansed of dust and germs which are trapped in the mucus

23
Q

fromthe nasal passage the air passes into the ?

24
Q

where does the pharynx lead to

A

into the trachea b means of and opening (glottis )

25
where does the pharynx lead to
it leads to the oesophagus
26
what happens when food is swallowed
the glottis is closed by means of a leaf shaped cartilage called the epiglottis
27
what is the purpose of the epiglottis
prevents food from going down the trachea and choking is thus avoided
28
where is the larynx or voice box
in the upper part of the trachea
29
what does the larynx contain
it contains the vocal cords
30
how is the rest of the trachea
it is a long tube strengthened by c shaped cartilage rings
31
what is the function of the cartilage rings
keeps the trachea open at all times
32
what does the incomplete portion of the cartilage ring in contact with the oesophagus allow
it allows the oesophagus to swell and project into the trachea when food passes through the oesophagus
33
what happens to the trachea in the thoracic or chest cavity
it divides to form two bronchi
34
what is the structure if the bronchus
it is the same structure as the trachea
35
where does the bronchus enter
enters one lung where it is sub divided into smaller and smaller bronchioles
36
characteristic of the smallest bronchioles
it has no cartilage
37
alveoli
air sacs with pouches