Gastric Diseases

Question 1

what gland is in the cardiac region of the stomach?

Answer 1

mucous cells

Question 2

what two glands are in the antrum of the stomach

Answer 2

mucous and G cells

Question 3

what twoglands are in the fundus of the stomach?

Answer 3

parietal and chief cells

Question 4

where does H pylori live in the stomach?

Answer 4

in the layer of mucus adherent to the gastric pit cells

Question 5

what stain is used to see H pylori?

Answer 5

silver stain

Question 6

acute and chronic inflammation lead to what two types of stomach injury respectively?

Answer 6

acute gastritis and chronic gastritis

Question 7

necrosis in the stomach leads to what stomach disorder?

Answer 7

peptic ulcer disease

Question 8

chronic inflammation of the stomach can lead to what two types of sever stomach issues

Answer 8

gastric lymphomas and gastric adenocarcinoma

Question 9

list the four etiologies of acute gastritis

Answer 9

drugs
infection
complication of another disease
mucosal damage

Question 10

what is acute gastritis from a burn called?

Answer 10

curling ulcer

Question 11

what is a brain trauma induced acute gastritis called?

Answer 11

cushing ulcer

Question 12

how can brain trauma lead to acute gastritis?

Answer 12

increased activity of the vagus nerve leads to increased gastric acid secretion

Question 13

what cell is mainly involved in acute gastritis?

Answer 13

PMNs

Question 14

what are the three stages of acute gastritis from mild to severe

Answer 14

acute inflammation of mucosa
necrosis
hemorrhage

Question 15

what is a common drug that causes acute gastritis?

Answer 15

NSAIDS

Question 16

what are the two common causes of chronic gastritis?

Answer 16

h pylori

autoimmune

Question 17

what cells are in charge of chronic gastritis?

Answer 17

lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells

Question 18

chronic gastritis has a risk of developing into what?

Answer 18

metaplasia…cancer

Question 19

what happens to glands and the rugae of the stomach in chronic gastritis?

Answer 19

they atrophy from the necrosis and they are become less prominent

Question 20

if metaplasia occurs in chronic gastritis, what does it become?

Answer 20

simple columnar with absorptive and goblet cells

Question 21

how is autoimmune chronic gastritis inherited?

Answer 21

autosomal dominant

Question 22

explain how autoimmune chronic gastritis happens?

Answer 22

auto antibodies against parietal cells leads to chronic inflammation and destruction of the parietal cells…gland atrophy

Question 23

in autoimmune chronic gastritis…if the parietal cells are destroyed then what is the acid level called?

Answer 23

hypochlorhidria or achlorhidria

Question 24

in autoimmune chronic gastritis the parietal cells are destroyed….what do they secrete that is important for RBCs and what can this lead to?

Answer 24

secrete intrinsic factor for B12 absorption…without that you get macrocytic anemia which is called pernicious anemia

Question 25

where does peptic ulcer disease occur?

Answer 25

stomach and duodenum

Question 26

what are the three ways to have peptic ulcer diseases?

Answer 26

h pylori NSAIDS increased gastric acid

Question 27

name the three pre epithelial defenses against ulcer disease

Answer 27

bicarbonate mucus prostaglandins

Question 28

name the epithelial defense against ulcer disease

Answer 28

cellular resistance

Question 29

name the post epithelial defense against ulcer disease

Answer 29

mucosal blood flow bringing nutrients and bicarb

Question 30

in peptic ulcer disease...what does the ulcer usually look like?

Answer 30

smooth and flat sides

Question 31

name the two locations in the stomach where ulcers usually occur?

Answer 31

lesser curvature of antrum and pre pyloric area

Question 32

name the four zones/layers of a peptic ulcer

Answer 32

fibrinopurulent exudate necrotic tissue granulation tissue fibrosis

Question 33

how does an uncomplicated PUD present?

Answer 33

epigastric pain...nausea bloating...or asymptomatic

Question 34

name three complications of an ulcer?

Answer 34

hemorrhage perforation obstruction

Question 35

a perforation of an ulcer can lead to what?

Answer 35

perotinitis

Question 36

why does an obstruction happen with an ulcer?

Answer 36

edema/scar contraction...muscle hypertrophy

Question 37

what are the signs of an ulcer that has a hemorrhage?

Answer 37

melena, hematemesis | hematochezia

Question 38

what is melena?

Answer 38

dark bloody stools

Question 39

what is hematochezia?

Answer 39

bright red bloody stools

Question 40

how does a perforation present with an ulcer?

Answer 40

toxic appearance/shock

Question 41

what is zollinger ellison syndrome?

Answer 41

when you have over production of gastrin due to a gastrinoma that secretes it

Question 42

where does the gastrinoma occur in zollinger ellison syndrome?

Answer 42

often in the pancreas

Question 43

what happens in zollinger ellison syndrome due to the increased gastrin levels?

Answer 43

increased acid levels and then peptic ulcers

Question 44

what is menetrier disease? what happens in it?

Answer 44

hyperplasia of the gastric pit mucous cells | hypertrophy of gastric walls

Question 45

what is the shape of gastric walls in menetrier disease?

Answer 45

thick rugae in cerebriform pattern

Question 46

with increased mucous production in mentrier disease...what is hindered from happening?

Answer 46

protein digestion

Question 47

what two symptoms do people with menetrier disease have?

Answer 47

epigastric pain and edema

Question 48

what are the two types of stomach adenocarcinomas?

Answer 48

diffuse and intestinal

Question 49

an ulcerating malignancy has what shape in the stomach?

Answer 49

irregular with elevated sides and odd shape...very diff from peptic ulcer

Question 50

what are the two lymph nodes to check for stomach malignancies

Answer 50

left supraclavicular and periumbilical

Question 51

what is another name for the left supraclavicular lymph node

Answer 51

virchows node

Question 52

what is another name for the periumbilical node?

Answer 52

sister mary joseph

Question 53

what is an odd site for stomach cancer to metastasize to? what is this tumor called?

Answer 53

ovaries...Krukenberg tumor

Question 54

what are two pre existing diseases that contribute to development of gastric adenocarcinoma

Answer 54

H pylor | chronic atrophic gastritis

Question 55

an infiltrating cancer in the stomach has a special name...what is it?

Answer 55

linitis plastica

Question 56

diffuse adenocarcinoma in the stomach arises from what cells? what is another name for them?

Answer 56

gastric mucous cells...signet cells

Question 57

what happens in diffuse adenocarcinoma that causes linitis plastica?

Answer 57

diffuse desmoplasia or fibrosis

Question 58

how does intestinal type adenocarcinoma of the stomach arise?

Answer 58

metaplastic intestinal epithelium dyplasia then adenocarcinoma

Question 59

what are significant prognostic features of gastric adenocarcinoma? 2

Answer 59

depth of invasion | extent of nodal/metastases

Question 60

what often causes gastric lymphoma? what cell is in charge of it?

Answer 60

H pylori infection brings B cells in to party and they cause overgrowth of the GALT

Question 61

what does gastric lymphoma look like grossly? what about histo?

Answer 61

just like any other gastric gross patterns...have to do histo slide to see lots of GALT nodules

Question 62

is gastric lymphoma a good or bad course of disease?

Answer 62

good to have...indolent course