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PEDIA 2 BM1 QUIZZES + BM2 > GASTRO QUIZZES > Flashcards

GASTRO QUIZZES Flashcards

1
Q

Mother Olivia’s 30 weeks Age of gestation ultrasound was noted to have Maternal Polyhydramnios. What are the possible fetal complication that you will not expect with this maternal ultrasound finding?

Esophageal atresia
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Meckel’s diverticulum
Pyloric stenosis

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

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2
Q

After 8 weeks, Mother Olivia gave birth to a Baby Boy with a birthweight of 3.2 kilograms, APGAR Score of 8,9 and a Ballard Score of 38 weeks. At 18 hours of life, Baby Boy was noted to be tachypneic at 90s thus eventually intubated. Orogastric Tube was initiated but had difficulty inserting. On X-ray, the OGT is stuck in the upper gastrointestinal area. Which of the following syndrome is associated with this Gastrointestinal abnormality?

Neonatal hydrocephalus
Down Syndrome
Angelman Syndrome ??
GERD

A

Neonatal hydrocephalus
???

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3
Q

Which of the following is not a determinant of esophageal manifestations in Patients with Gastroesophageal Disease?

Frequency of reflux episodes
Duration of esophageal exposure
Intensity of extra abdominal pressure
Susceptibility of esophagus

A

Intensity of extra abdominal pressure

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3
Q

Which is TRUE regarding Maternal Polyhydramnios?

Associated with lower gastrointestinal tract obstruction in neonates
Lack of Normal swallowing
Too much fats in the Amniotic Fluid
Always associated with Acyanotic Congenital Heart disease

A

Lack of Normal swallowing

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3
Q

Which GERD symptom is associated with young children, but not in adolescents?

Esophagitis
Pneumonia
Laryngomalacia
Hiccups

A

Laryngomalacia

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3
Q

Which is TRUE regarding Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula?

Cardiac anomalies is commonly related
C type is the most common
1st pregnancy is a risk factor
Associated with CHARGE syndrome and CVD

A

C type is the most common

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3
Q

Ultrasound was done on Baby Anne, which of the following could not be seen in this imaging study?

a. Pyloric thickness 1-2 mm and Shoulder sign
b. Pyloric diameter 10-14mm and Olive shaped mass
c. Pyloric length 15-19mm and mass in the mid epigastrium
d. None of the above

A

a. Pyloric thickness 1-2 mm and Shoulder sign

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3
Q

What is the treatment of choice of Baby Anne?

a. Excision of Olive shaped mass
b. Anterior Gastropexy
c. Gastroduodenostomy
d. Pyloromyotomy

A

d. Pyloromyotomy

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3
Q

Which is/are TRUE regarding Malrotation?

Accompanied by congenital adhesions
Extend from cecum to the left right upper quadrant
Inadequate mesenteric attachment of the intestine to the anterior posterior abdominal wall
All of the above

A

Accompanied by congenital adhesions

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3
Q

Baby Anne is a 9 day old neonate, who came in at the Emergency Room due to a palpable mass and vomiting. From his parents description, the vomitus is characterized as Non-Bilious. After vomiting Baby Anne is hungry and wants to be feed. As you did your Physical Examination, you noted an abdominal mass, which is firm, hard and movable. Which is true regarding this Gastrointestinal Anomaly?

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is more common
Firstborn females are more common
Mass can be palpated on the epigastric area
Associated with congenital hyperparathyroidism

A

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is more common

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3
Q

What is the initial management of infants and children with bowel obstruction?

Emergency Surgery
Fluid resuscitation
Starting of Antibiotics
Inserting a Foley Bag Catheter

A

Fluid resuscitation

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4
Q

Which of the following pair is CORRECT?

Functional Constipation – hard, painless bowel movement
Retentive Encopresis – incontinence is common
Nonretentive Encoperesis – related with pathologic conditions
Intractable constipation – associated with hypercalcemia

A

Retentive Encopresis – incontinence is common

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4
Q

Carlo is a 19 month old male who came in to be pale. As you asked his history, mother claimed that she noted blood in his stool for 5 days already. It took her 5 days to seek Medical Help since Carlo does NOT complain of any pain on defecation, and he has a history of Milk allergy. What is the most sensitive study to confirm the diagnosis of this Gastrointestinal anomaly?

Ultrasonography
CT Scan
CT Scan with contrast
Radionucleic scan

A

Radionucleic scan

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4
Q

Which of the following is/are therapy or aim for Patients with Functional Constipation?

Patient Education
Relief of Impaction
Softening of the stool
All of the above

A

All of the above

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4
Q

What is the correct dose of Bisacodyl Suppository for Patients more than 10 years old for Maintenance therapy of constipation?

5 mg daily
10 mg daily
15 mg daily
20 mg daily

A

10 mg daily

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5
Q

Baby Alvin is 5 days old male neonate, with no bowel movement since birth. On Physical examination, abdominal distention was noted. Rectal Examination was done, rectum was empty but eventually noted explosive passage of stool after rectal stimulation. What is/are the possible Diagnostics to confirm the Diagnosis?

Anorectal Manometry??
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fibroscan
All of the Above

A

Anorectal Manometry

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6
Q

What could be the possible Management for Baby Boy Alvin?

Maintain on Glycogen suppository
Excision of aganglionic segment by Pull Through Procedure
Do ileostomy, then Colonic transplantation by 2 years old
Bypassing the normal bowel from the abnormal bowel in the rectal area

A

Bypassing the normal bowel from the abnormal bowel in the rectal area

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7
Q

Organism closely correlated to Intussuception

Adenovirus
Metahuman virus
Influenza virus
Epstein-Barr Virus

A

Adenovirus

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8
Q

What is the lower portion of intussusception, pulling its mesentery along with it into the enveloping loop?

Intussusceptum
Intussuscipiens
Intussucep
Intusuaeses

A

Intussuscipiens

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9
Q

Sharon was diagnosed with Peptic Ulcer. She was started on Triple Therapy of Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin. After 2 weeks of treatment, Patient has no improvement. What will be your best next step for failed treatment?

Triple Therapy with Amoxicillin and Metronidazole for 14 days
Triple Therapy with Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin for another 14 days
PPI-metronidazole - high dose of amoxicillin
Do endoscopy for the Patient to check to other possible factors

A

Triple Therapy with Amoxicillin and Metronidazole for 14 days

10
Q

Megan is a 10 year old female who came in for abdominal pain and fever. On your Abdominal Physical Examination, there is direct and rebound tenderness on the McBurney’s Area. In her CBC and Urinalysis,you have noted some abnormalities on the cell count. Her Pediatric Appendicitis Score is 5. What is the next step?

Refer to Surgery Service
Do Ultrasound of the Whole Abdomen
Start Broad Spectrum antibiotics
Admit for observation

A

Do Ultrasound of the Whole Abdomen

11
Q

Acute Gastroenteritis is one of the most common childhood diseases globally. This is one of the diseases in the world that can be prevented thru vaccination. When is the minimum age of vaccination of Rotavirus vaccine?

2 weeks old
4 weeks old
6 weeks old
8 weeks old

A

6 weeks old

12
Q

Which is TRUE regarding rotavirus infection?

Attach to the surface of the epithelium and stimulate secretion of water and electrolytes
Activates the enteric nervous system causing decreased gastric emptying and increased intestinal mobility
Attributed to production of toxins A (an enterotoxin) and B
may enhance colonization and augment toxin production

A

Activates the enteric nervous system causing decreased gastric emptying and increased intestinal mobility

13
Q

Jessie Melendez is a 5 year old male with history of 2 days of watery stool for 4 episodes per day associated with vomiting and abdominal pain. Consult was done at the OPD. On Physical Examination, have minimal tears, dry lips and slightly sunken eyeballs were noted. As you continue to observe…. Thirsty. What is the Dehydration severity?

No Dehydration
Mild Dehydration
Some Dehydration
Severe Dehydration

A

Some Dehydration

14
Q

How will you manage the dehydration of Patient Jessie?

ORS as volume per volume replacement
ORS 75-80ml/kg body weight in 4-6 hours
50ml/kg ORS to patient and stop eating oily foods
Send patient home with packets of ORS

A

50ml/kg ORS to patient and stop eating oily foods

15
Q

Veronical is a 15 year old male, who came in at the Emergency Room due to severe abdominal pain, vomiting and high grade fever for 5 days. On your Physical Examination, you have noted a bluish discoloration around the umbilical area and the flank. Which Biochemical test is the most specific test to diagnose this case?

Albumin
Amylase
Lipase
Bilirubin

A

Lipase

16
Q

Which is not a secretory type of diarhea?

Neuroblastoma
Lactase deficiency
Toxigenic E. coli
Cholera

A

Lactase deficiency

17
Q

Which is the correct WHO oral rehydration solution composition?

95 mEq of sodium, 54 mEq of chloride, 20 mEq of potassium, and 75 mmol of glucose per liter, with total osmolarity of 250 mOsm/L

75 mEq of sodium, 64 mEq of chloride, 20 mEq of potassium, and 75 mmol of glucose per liter, with total osmolarity of 245 mOsm/L

75 mEq of sodium, 64 mEq of chloride, 20 mEq of potassium, and 85 mmol of glucose per liter, with total osmolarity of 250 mOsm/L

95 mEq of sodium, 54 mEq of chloride, 15 mEq of potassium, and 85 mmol of glucose per liter, with total osmolarity of 300 mOsm/L

A

75 mEq of sodium, 64 mEq of chloride, 20 mEq of potassium, and 75 mmol of glucose per liter, with total osmolarity of 245 mOsm/L

18
Q

Which is TRUE regarding regurgitation?

Spontaneously resolve by 2 years of life
Infants are not hungry after an attack
If regurgitation persists. gastroesophageal reflux has to be considered
Treatment for regurgitation in all age group is PPI

A

If regurgitation persists. gastroesophageal reflux has to be considered

19
Q

What is the zinc oxide requirement for patients with acute gastroenteritis?

20 mg/kg in 14 days
20 mg/kg in 7 days
10 mg/kg in 10 days
10 mg/kg in 14 days

A

20 mg/kg in 14 days

20
Q

Which is the correct pairing regarding the disorder and possible diagnostic evaluation?

Lactose Intolerance - Abdominal Ultrasound
Chronic constipation - CT Scan
Inguinal hernia - Abdominal Xray
Peptic Ulcer - MRI Enteroscopy

A

Peptic Ulcer - MRI Enteroscopy

21
Q

Baby Robyn, 2 month old female, delivered via NSVD with no complications at birth. At this time, her mother noted 15-20 ml of milk dribble out her mouth. This happened for 3 consecutive days. No change with baby’s disposition, no fever and no cough. What is happening to the baby?

Gastroesophageal reflux syndrome
Duodenal atresia
Vomiting
Regurgitation

A

Regurgitation

22
Q

What could be the possible management for Baby Robyn?

Prescribe with Aluminium Sulfate
Start with omeprazole plus clarithromycin
Surgical evaluation
Reassure parents that they don’t need to worry

A

Reassure parents that they don’t need to worry

23
Q

What is the most common cause of lower intestinal obstruction in neonates?

Pyloric stenosis
Hirschsprung disease
Acute appendicitis
Intussusception

A

Hirschsprung disease

24
Q

What is gold standard imaging study for evaluating children with suspected appendicitis?

UTZ of the abdomen
MRI
CT SCAN
Abdominal X-ray plain and uprigh

A

CT SCAN

25
Q

Baby Girl Lyn, is a 6 week old female. She was delivered via NSVD with no complications and was discharged with her mother. She is purely breastfed by her mother. Upon routine examination, the Pediatrician noted that she is still jaundiced until her lower extremities with icteric sclerae. Parents claimed that her stool is light in color and dark urine. Which is true regarding her condition?

Unconjugated bilirubin is commonly affected with this disorder
Liver biopsy is one of the diagnostic test to distinguish this disorder
Newborn screening shows positive
Primary management is giving of Phenobarbital

A

Unconjugated bilirubin is commonly affected with this disorder

26
Q

What is the composition of home made oral rehydration solution?

1 L of clean water, 6 tsp of sugar, ½ tsp of salt
1 L of clean water, 8 tsp of sugar, ¼ tsp of salt
1.5 L of clean water, 6 tsp of sugar, ½ tsp of salt
1.5 L of clean water, 8 tsp of sugar, ¼ tsp of salt

A

1 L of clean water, 6 tsp of sugar, ½ tsp of salt

27
Q

In Gastroenteritis, what is the most common etiologic agent for bacillary dysentery?

Entamoeba histolytica
Shigella
Staphylococcus aureus
Cyclospora

A

Shigella

28
Q

Which of the following is not a lead point for intussusception?

Meckel’s diverticulum
Neuroblastoma
Hematoma
Kaposi sarcoma

A

Neuroblastoma

29
Q

Report of higher incidence of pyloric stenosis among mostly female infants with mothers treated with Penicillinase antiobiotics during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

A

FALSE

30
Q

Malrotation is associated with inadequate mesenteric attachment of the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall, which leaves the bowel vulnerable to obstruction as a result of intestinal twisting or volvulus.

A

TRUE

31
Q

Disorders that interfere with absorption in the large bowel tend to produce voluminous diarrhea whereas disorders comprising small bowels tends to produce lower volume diarrhea.

A

ANSWER: FALSE

32
Q

Cyclic vomiting syndrome has a evidence of an overresponsive hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis ANS dysregulation , mitochondrial dysfunction and nuclear mutations that contributes its occurrence

A

ANSWER: TRUE

33
Q

In diagnosing acute appendicitis, it is mainly clinical, some of the signs in this disorder are as follows: Rovsing sign which is pain elicited during coughing and Dunphy’s sign rebound and referred tenderness.

A

ANSWER: FALSE

34
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

35
Q

hematemesis

A

Bleeding that originates in the esophagus, stomach or duodenum

36
Q

Globus

A

Sensation of something stuck in the
throat without a clear etiology.

37
Q

Hematochezia

A

red or maroon blood in stools, hematochezia, signifies either a distal bleeding site or massive hemorrhage above the distal ileum.

38
Q

Odynophagia

A

Painful swallowing

PEDIA 2 BM1 QUIZZES + BM2 (5 decks)

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