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Gastrointestinal > Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

who is at increased risk for developing gastroenteritis

A

closed communities eg ward
extremes of age
gastric acid suppression eg PPI
immunocompromised individuals

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2
Q

what is dysentry

A

inflammation of the intestine usually the colon causing bloody, mucus diarrhoea

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3
Q

what is gastroenteritis

A

infection of the GI tract usually stomach and SI

causes reduces absorption of water and nutrients

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4
Q

what organisms causing gastroenteritis have preformed toxins

A

E. Coli
C. Diff
staph aureus
bacillus cereus

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5
Q

what organisms have a short incubation time

A

staph aureus
bacillus cereus
(1-6 hours)

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6
Q

what organisms have a medium incubation time

A

salmonella
C Perfringes
(12-48 hours)

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7
Q

what organisms have a long incubation time

A

campylobacter

E. Coli 0157

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8
Q

which organisms is most likely to cause gastroenteritis and can it spread from person to person

A

campylobacter and no

found in raw poultry

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9
Q

what is a severe complication of campylobacter infection

A

Guillan Barre syndrome

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10
Q

what organisms can cause oubreaks of food poisoning

A

salmonella

E. Coli

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11
Q

what are the classical symptoms of gastroenteritis

A

acute onset of diarrhoea and vomiting
diarrhoea may be bloody
fever
abdominal pain

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12
Q

salmonella can be typed into serogroups and the body produces different antigens accordingly true/false

A

true

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13
Q

what does E. Coli produce and what is its effect on the body

A

produces verotoxin which kills renal cells

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14
Q

what is a complication of E. Coli infection and who is likely to develop it

A

haemolytic uraemic syndrome

young children

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15
Q

how does haemolytic uraemic syndrome present

A

abdo pain
fever
pallor
can present after diarrhoea has stopped, destroys platelets and can lead to kidney failure

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16
Q

when is C Diff infection likely to occur

A

health care setting when someone is on antibiotics that wipe out normal gut flora

17
Q

what type of bacteria is C Diff

A

gram +ve anaerobic bacillus

18
Q

what toxins does C Diff produce

A 
toxin A (enterotoxin)
toxin B (cyotoxin)
19
Q

what are symptoms of C Diff

A

extreme diarrhoea with specific smell

20
Q

what are the clinical signs of extreme C Diff infection

A

pseudomembranous colitis
white cell count >15
high creatinine

21
Q

what is the treatment for mild and severe C Diff

A

mild - oral metronidazole

severe - oral vancomycin and IV metronidazole

22
Q

what two viruses commonly cause viral gastroenteritis

A

rotavirus

norovirus

23
Q

who commonly gets rotavirus and how is it spread

A

children <3 years old

faceal-oral route

24
Q

who commonly gets norovirus and how is it spread

A

closed communities eg cruise ship

facecal-oral or droplets

25
Q

what is the treatment for viral gastroenteritis

A

supportive - fluids and electrolyte rebalance

26
Q

what are the investigations for gastroenteritis

A

stool microscopy
stool culture
stool toxin
stool PCR

27
Q

when is stool microscopy carried out

A

suspected parasite or protozoan infection

28
Q

when is stool culture carried out

A

salmonella, shigella, campylobacter

29
Q

what is stool toxin carried out

A

C Diff

E Coli 0157

30
Q

when is stool PCR carried out

A

viral infection

31
Q

what is the most common cause of acute travellers diarrhoea

A

E. Coli 0157

32
Q

what criteria must be met to diagnose acute travellers diarrheoa

A

3 or more loose stools within 24 hours after returning from foreign place

33
Q

parasitic infections are associated with increase in which white blood cell

A

eosinophils

34
Q

a protozoan infection such as amoeba is treated with what

A

metronidazole

35
Q

what is the main treatment for gastroenteritis

A

supportive therapy such as oral or IV rehydration

anti-spasmodics or anti-motility drugs

Gastrointestinal (7 decks)

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