Gastroenteritis + Food Poisoning

Question 1

What is the most common cause of food poisoning?

Answer 1

Campylobacter

Question 2

What bacteria cause outbreaks?

Answer 2

E.coli and salmonella

Question 3

What is the most common cause of viral diarrhoea in children < 3 years old?

Answer 3

Rotavirus

Question 4

What causes explosive vomiting?

Answer 4

Norovirus

Question 5

Short incubation time bacteria (1-6hrs)

Answer 5

S.aureus, bacillus cereus

Question 6

Medium incubation time bacteria (12-48hrs)

Answer 6

Salmonella, clostridium perfringens

Question 7

Long incubation time bacteria (2-14 days)

Answer 7

Campylobacter, E.coli 0157

Question 8

Poultry, raw milk, poor food presentation

Answer 8

Salmonella

Question 9

Poultry, raw egg, meat, animal guts

Answer 9

E.coli 0157

Question 10

Toxin-producing organisms

Answer 10

S.aureus, clostridium prefringens, bacillus cereus, E.coli 0157

Question 11

Bloody diarrhoea organisms

Answer 11

Campylobacter, shigella, E.coli 0157

Question 12

Typhoid investigation

Answer 12

Blood culture

Question 13

Salmonella investigation

Answer 13

Stool culture

Question 14

Campylobacter investigation

Answer 14

Stool culture

Question 15

Shigella investigation

Answer 15

Stool culture

Question 16

C. difficile investigation

Answer 16

Stool toxin

Question 17

E.coli 0157 investigation

Answer 17

Stool toxin

Question 18

Norovirus investigation

Answer 18

Stool PCR

Question 19

Tropical sprue treatment

Answer 19

Tetracycline + folic acid

Question 20

Amoeba treatment

Answer 20

Metronidazole/tinidazole

Question 21

Cholera treatment

Answer 21

Ciprofloxacin/azithromycin

Question 22

Salmonella treatment

Answer 22

Ciprofloxacin

Question 23

Campylobacter treatment

Answer 23

Clarithromycin/azithromycin

Question 24

Treatment of E.coli 0157

Answer 24

Supportive DO NOT GIVE EMPIRICAL ANTIBIOTIC IF SUSPECTED

Question 25

Giardiasis treatment

Answer 25

Metronidazole/tinidazole

Question 26

Threadworm treatment

Answer 26

Mebendazole

Question 27

Typhoid treatment

Answer 27

Ciprofloxacin/Azithromycin

Question 28

Cryptospodrium (parasitic) treatment

Answer 28

Paromomycin (if sev)

Question 29

Cryptospodrium investigation

Answer 29

Stool culture

Question 30

Blood culture investigation

Answer 30

Typhoid

Question 31

Stool culture investigation

Answer 31

Salmonella, campylobacter, shigella

Question 32

Stool microscopy investigation

Answer 32

Giardia, amoebia, parasites, threadworm (Enterobius)

Question 33

Stool toxin investigation

Answer 33

C. difficile, E.coli 0157

Question 34

Salmonella

Answer 34

Supportive but if spread: Ampicillin/gentamycin/quinolones

Question 35

First line treatment for all uncomplicated gastroenteritis

Answer 35

Oral rehydration/IV fluids

Question 36

C.diff treatment

Answer 36

1. Oral metronidazole | 2. IV vancomycin

Question 37

C.diff diagnosis

Answer 37

BLOOD culture GDH + toxin A+B must be POSITIVE GDH +ve and toxins –ve then INDETERMINATE

Question 38

Campylobacter complication

Answer 38

Guillane-Barr syndrome

Question 39

HUS complication

Answer 39

E.coli 0157 + shigella

Question 40

Organisms that require antibiotics

Answer 40

Typhoid, shigella, C.diff, parasites, E.coli 0157

Question 41

Things that put you at more risk of C.diff

Answer 41

Recent antibiotic exposure, PPIs, C.diff spore exposure (relative)

Question 42

C.diff complications

Answer 42

Toxic megacolon, pseudomembranous colitis

Question 43

What causes chagas disease?

Answer 43

Trypanasoma cruzi

Question 44

Complication of chagas disease?

Answer 44

Megaoesophagus

Question 45

Disease due to fresh water exposure and can lead to hepatomegaly, liver fibrosis and portal HT Why does it cause these things?

Answer 45

Schistosomiasis | Adult reside in portal venules

Question 46

Types of helminths?

Answer 46

Nematodes - round worms Trematodes - flukes Cestodes - tapeworm

Question 47

Taelia solium, taelia sagination - caused by?

Answer 47

Pork, beef

Question 48

Pre-hepatic jaundice causes:

Answer 48

Malaria, HUS comp, sickle-cell comp of infection

Question 49

Hepatic jaundice causes:

Answer 49

Acute hepatitis A + E, malaria, enteric fever, rickettsia (rocky mount spotted fever), viral haemorrhage fever

Question 50

Post-hepatic jaundice causes:

Answer 50

Ascending cholangitis, helminths