GASTROENTEROLOGY Flashcards
(214 cards)
What are the features of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?
CAN OPEN: Confusion Ataxia Nystagmus Ophthamoplegia PEripheral Neuropathy
What is the antibiotic management of C.diff infection?
- Oral vancomycin
- Oral fidaxomicin
- Oral vancomycin + IV metronidazole
Life-threatening = oral vancomycin AND IV metronidazole
Recurrent = oral fidaxomicin (<12 weeks) + oral vancomycin (>12 weeks)
Which antibiotics are associated with c.diff infection?
Second & third gen cephalosporins (ceftriaxone)
Clindamycin
+ PPIs
Which marker is used to determine the severity of c.diff infection?
WCC
<15 = moderate
>15 = severe
Hypotension/toxic megacolon = life-threatening
How is C.diff infection diagnosed?
CDT (C.diff toxin) in the stool
Name 5 causes of hepatitis?
• Alcoholic hepatitis • Non alcoholic fatty liver disease • Viral hepatitis • Autoimmune hepatitis - Drug induced hepatitis (e.g. paracetamol overdose)
How does hepatitis present?
• Abdominal pain • Fatigue • Pruritis (itching) • Muscle and joint aches • Nausea and vomiting • Jaundice Fever (viral hepatitis)
What is found on liver function tests in hepatitis?
^AST/ALT
^ALP (but less rise)
Bilirubin^
What is the most common viral hepatitis worldwide?
A
Which viral hepatitis’ can you receive vaccinations for?
A, B (notifiable diseases PHE)
How is hepatitis A transmitted?
Faecal oral (contaminated warer/food)
How does hepatitis A present?
Nausea Vomiting Anorexia Jaundice Cholestasis - pale stools, dark urine
What is the management of hepatitis A?
Analgesia
Resolves without treatment 1-3 months
Notify PHE
What causes hepatitis B?
DNA virus
How is hepatitis B transmitted?
Sex
IVDU
Tattoos
Vertical transmission
How long is recovery from hepatitis B?
2-3 months
Some people are carriers for life
What is implied by E antigen on hepatitis serology (HBeAg)?
High infectivity
What is HBV DNA?
Direct count of viral load of hepatitis B
How can you confirm a response to the hepatitis B vaccine?
HBsAg (surface antigen)
What is the management of hepatitis B?
Refer to gastroenterology for specialist management Education about reducing transmission Antivirals Liver transplantation (end stage) Notify PHE
What causes hepatitis C?
RNA virus
What is the transmission of hepatitis C?
Blood/bodily fluids
What is the prognosis for hepatitis C?
1/4 full recovery
3/4 chronic disease –> liver cirrhosis –> hepatocellular carcinoma
How can you test for hepatitis C?
Hepatitis C RNA testing