Gastroenterology

Question 1

the process of chewing, grinding, and tearing food

Answer 1

mastication

Question 2

swallowing

Answer 2

deglutition

Question 3

throat also known as

Answer 3

pharynx

Question 4

the process of moving food toward stomach

Answer 4

peristalsis

Question 5

the stomach is divided into 4 regions

Answer 5

cardi, fundus, body, and pylorus

Question 6

semisolid mixture of partially digested food, saliva, fluid, and enzymes

Answer 6

chyme

Question 7

10 inch C-shaped segment. Digestive enzymes flow from the pancreas and gallbladder flow into this segment of the small bowel

Answer 7

duodenum

Question 8

second part of the small intestine, 8 feet long, moves chyme along, digestion continues in this segment

Answer 8

jejunum

Question 9

12 foot segment where absorption of nutrients is completed

Answer 9

ileum

Question 10

increase the surface area to maximize absorption of nutrients

Answer 10

villi

Question 11

the four sections of colon

Answer 11

ascending, transverse, depending, and sigmoid

Question 12

double layer series membrane. Lines walls of abd and sounds organs

Answer 12

peritoneum

Question 13

peritoneum secrets ______ ____ to fill spaces between organs.

Answer 13

peritoneal fluid

Question 14

supports the stomach and hangs down to cover the small intestine

Answer 14

omentum

Question 15

liver cells

Answer 15

hepatocytes

Question 16

________ produce bile this flows through the hepatic duct towards the duodenum

Answer 16

hepatocytes

Question 17

concentrates and stores bile

Answer 17

gallbladder

Question 18

secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum

Answer 18

pancreas

Question 19

from the pancreas, continues digestion of carbs, _____ in the saliva started this.

Answer 19

amylase

Question 20

breaks down small fat globules into fatty acids

Answer 20

lipase

Question 21

breaks down sugars, starches, and milk into glucose

Answer 21

lactase

Question 22

difficult or painful eating or swallowing

Answer 22

dysphagia

Question 23

excessive operating due to an overactive thyroid gland

Answer 23

polyphagia

Question 24

inflammation and cracking of the lips and corners of the mouth

Answer 24

cheilitis

Question 25

a stone that forms in the salivary gland

Answer 25

sialolithiasis

Question 26

inflammation of the oral mucosa

Answer 26

stomatitis

Question 27

indigestion with mild epigastric pain

Answer 27

dyspepsia

Question 28

swollen protruding veins in the mucosa of the lower esophagus or stomach

Answer 28

esophageal varices

Question 29

inflation of the stomach

Answer 29

gastritis

Question 30

vomiting of blood because of bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

Answer 30

hematemesis

Question 31

chronic irritation, burning, and erosion of the mucosa to form and ulcer

Answer 31

peptic ulcer disease

Question 32

tumor of the stomach that begins in the glands in the gastric mucosa

Answer 32

adenocarcinoma

Question 33

abnormal absence of peristalsis on the small and large intestines

Answer 33

ileus

Question 34

telescoping of one segment of the intestine inside the lumen of the next segment

Answer 34

intussusception

Question 35

twisting or oration of the intestine around itself

Answer 35

volvulus

Question 36

weakness in the wall of the colon where the mucosa forms a pouch or tube

Answer 36

diverticulum

Question 37

bacterial infection of an unusual strand of E coli.

Answer 37

dysentery

Question 38

inflammation of the rectum due to radiation treatment

Answer 38

proctitis

Question 39

protruding wall of the rectum pushes on the adjacent vaginal wall

Answer 39

rectocele

Question 40

blood in feces

Answer 40

hematochezia

Question 41

greasy, foul smelling feces that contain undigested fats

Answer 41

steatorrhea

Question 42

adhesions

Answer 42

fiberous bands that form after surgery in the abdominal cavity

Question 43

inflammation of the peritoneum

Answer 43

peritonitis

Question 44

accumulation of ascetic fluid in the abd

Answer 44

ascites

Question 45

chronic, progressive inflammation of the liver, eventually degeneration of the liver

Answer 45

cirrhosis

Question 46

acute or chronic inflammation of the bile duct because of cirrhosis or gallstones

Answer 46

cholangitis

Question 47

one or more gallstones in the gallbladder

Answer 47

cholelithiasis