Gastroenterology

Question 1

Abdominal Pain By Region: Epigastric Region (Diffuse Abdominal Pain)

Answer 1

Acute Pancreatitis, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (fruity type breath-know), Gastroenteritis (bloating right after eating), Peritonitis (any cause; makes overripe melon type sound off of abdomen), Sickle Cell Crisis (sickle cell anemia primarily female), Typhoid Fever (affects Diffuse area of Epigastric Region)

Question 2

Abdominal Pain By Region: Right or Left Upper Quadrant Pain

Answer 2

Acute Pancreatitis - typically right after a person is consuming alcohol

Question 3

Abdominal Pain By Region: RUQ Right Upper Quadrant

Answer 3

Cholecystitis and Biliary Colic (more so if Px indicates they had a fatty meal and then have pain in this region), Hepatitis, Perforated Duodenal Ulcers, Retrocecal Appendicitis (rare) (retro-behind, cecal-colon, so is lower right quadrant (LRQ) referring up to RUQ) *rare so know for boards

Question 4

Abdominal Pain By Region: Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Answer 4

Gastritis, Splenic Disorders primarily distention - which is Splenomegaly

Question 5

Abdominal Pain By Region: Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Answer 5

Appendicitis, Cecal Diverticulitis, Meckel’s Diverticulitis, Crohn’s

Question 6

Abdominal Pain By Region: Left Lower Quadrant LLQ

Answer 6

Sigmoid Diverticulitis (Sigmoid is the “S” curve around ST26/ST27), Ulcerative Colitis

Question 7

Abdominal Pain By Region: Right or Left Lower Quadrant Pain

Answer 7

abdominal or psoas abscess, cystitis, endometriosis, IBD, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)-especially if history of chlamydia, renal calculi, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, ruptured ectopic pregnancy

Question 8

Abdominal Quadrants

Answer 8

Right Hypochondriac - Epigastric - Left Hypochondriac

Right Lumbar - Umbilical - Left Lumbar

Right Iliac - Hypogastric - Left Iliac

(hypochondriac is at top, lumbar is middle, iliac is bottom)

Question 9

Periumbilical

Answer 9

Going around the umbilicus

Question 10

Which Abdominal Quadrant is near the Xyphoid?

Answer 10

Epigastric

Question 11

Where is the hypogastric abdominal quadrant?

Answer 11

In the center, below the umbilicus

Question 12

Right or Left Lumbar Abdominal Quadrant Pain comes from what?

Answer 12

Ureter pain - from renal pain, from passing a stone, etc.

Question 13

Right or Left Iliac Abdominal Quadrant Pain comes from what?

Answer 13

Appendicitis, Ovaries

Question 14

Hypogastric Quadrant Pain comes from what?

Answer 14

Reproductive Organs

Question 15

What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Underweight?

Answer 15

Underweight - Below 18%

Question 16

What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Healthy?

Answer 16

Healthy - 18.5-24%

Question 17

What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Overweight?

Answer 17

Overweight - 25-30%

Question 18

What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Obese?

Answer 18

Obese - 31% and Up

Question 19

What are the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Underweight, Healthy, Overweight and Obese?

Answer 19

Underweight - Below 18%
Healthy - 18.5-24%
Overweight - 25-30%
Obese - 31% and up

Question 20

How do you calculate BMI (Body mass index)?

Answer 20

BMI- Weight/Height (kg/m2)

Question 21

Digestive Enzymes: Amylase, Lipase, Protease, Ribonuclease…what do they help digest?

Answer 21

Amylase - digests starches

Lipase - digests lipids

Protease - digests protein

Ribonuclease - digests nucleic acids

Question 22

What digestive enzyme digests starches?

Answer 22

Salivary Amylase

Question 23

What digestive enzyme digests lipids?

Answer 23

Lipase

Question 24

What digestive enzymes digests protein?

Answer 24

Protease & Pepsin

Question 25

What digestive enzyme digests nucleic acids?

Answer 25

Ribonuclease

Question 26

What digestive enzyme digests milk sugars?

Answer 26

Lactase

Question 27

What digestive enzyme digests malt sugars?

Answer 27

Glucoamylase

Question 28

What digestive enzyme digests nucleotides?

Answer 28

Nucleotides & phosphatases

Question 29

What digestive enzyme digests maltose, maltotriose, alpha dextrins?

Answer 29

Pancreatic Amylase

Question 30

What digestive enzyme digests peptides?

Answer 30

Trypsin

Question 31

What digestive enzyme kills bacteria?

Answer 31

Lysozyme

Question 32

What digestive enzyme has a pH of 6.5-7.5 and moistens & lubricates?

Answer 32

Saliva

Question 33

What digestive enzyme digests lipids, has pH of 7.5-8.8?

Answer 33

Bile (very alkalinic)

Question 34

What are simple and complex carbs/starches and what digestive enzyme digests them?

Answer 34

Simple- pasta, rices, fruit, table sugar, etc. Complex - vegetables, whole-grain bread, etc. Salivary Amylase

Question 35

Is alkanine water better for people with Metabolic Acidosis or with GERD?

Answer 35

Alkaline water is better for people with Metabolic Acidosis because they are acidic. People with GERD are *already alkalinic* so don't need alkaline water.

Question 36

Esomeprazole (nexium), Lansoprazole (Prevacid), and Pantoprazole sodium (Protonix), (& Calcium carbonate - Tums) are examples of which type of medication?

Answer 36

Antacids

Question 37

What do Antihelmintic meds do?

Answer 37

Kill worms

Question 38

Mebendazole *vermox) is an example of which type of medication?

Answer 38

Antihelmintics