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Gastroenterology Flashcards

(39 cards)

1
Q

Abdominal Pain By Region: Epigastric Region (Diffuse Abdominal Pain)

A

Acute Pancreatitis, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (fruity type breath-know), Gastroenteritis (bloating right after eating), Peritonitis (any cause; makes overripe melon type sound off of abdomen), Sickle Cell Crisis (sickle cell anemia primarily female), Typhoid Fever (affects Diffuse area of Epigastric Region)

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2
Q

Abdominal Pain By Region: Right or Left Upper Quadrant Pain

A

Acute Pancreatitis - typically right after a person is consuming alcohol

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3
Q

Abdominal Pain By Region: RUQ Right Upper Quadrant

A

Cholecystitis and Biliary Colic (more so if Px indicates they had a fatty meal and then have pain in this region), Hepatitis, Perforated Duodenal Ulcers, Retrocecal Appendicitis (rare) (retro-behind, cecal-colon, so is lower right quadrant (LRQ) referring up to RUQ) *rare so know for boards

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4
Q

Abdominal Pain By Region: Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

A

Gastritis, Splenic Disorders primarily distention - which is Splenomegaly

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5
Q

Abdominal Pain By Region: Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

A

Appendicitis, Cecal Diverticulitis, Meckel’s Diverticulitis, Crohn’s

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6
Q

Abdominal Pain By Region: Left Lower Quadrant LLQ

A

Sigmoid Diverticulitis (Sigmoid is the “S” curve around ST26/ST27), Ulcerative Colitis

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7
Q

Abdominal Pain By Region: Right or Left Lower Quadrant Pain

A

abdominal or psoas abscess, cystitis, endometriosis, IBD, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)-especially if history of chlamydia, renal calculi, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, ruptured ectopic pregnancy

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8
Q

Abdominal Quadrants

A

Right Hypochondriac - Epigastric - Left Hypochondriac

Right Lumbar - Umbilical - Left Lumbar

Right Iliac - Hypogastric - Left Iliac

(hypochondriac is at top, lumbar is middle, iliac is bottom)

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9
Q

Periumbilical

A

Going around the umbilicus

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10
Q

Which Abdominal Quadrant is near the Xyphoid?

A

Epigastric

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11
Q

Where is the hypogastric abdominal quadrant?

A

In the center, below the umbilicus

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12
Q

Right or Left Lumbar Abdominal Quadrant Pain comes from what?

A

Ureter pain - from renal pain, from passing a stone, etc.

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13
Q

Right or Left Iliac Abdominal Quadrant Pain comes from what?

A

Appendicitis, Ovaries

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14
Q

Hypogastric Quadrant Pain comes from what?

A

Reproductive Organs

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15
Q

What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Underweight?

A

Underweight - Below 18%

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16
Q

What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Healthy?

A

Healthy - 18.5-24%

17
Q

What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Overweight?

A

Overweight - 25-30%

18
Q

What is the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Obese?

A

Obese - 31% and Up

19
Q

What are the Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for Underweight, Healthy, Overweight and Obese?

A

Underweight - Below 18%
Healthy - 18.5-24%
Overweight - 25-30%
Obese - 31% and up

20
Q

How do you calculate BMI (Body mass index)?

A

BMI- Weight/Height (kg/m2)

21
Q

Digestive Enzymes: Amylase, Lipase, Protease, Ribonuclease…what do they help digest?

A

Amylase - digests starches

Lipase - digests lipids

Protease - digests protein

Ribonuclease - digests nucleic acids

22
Q

What digestive enzyme digests starches?

A

Salivary Amylase

23
Q

What digestive enzyme digests lipids?

24
Q

What digestive enzymes digests protein?

A

Protease & Pepsin

25
What digestive enzyme digests nucleic acids?
Ribonuclease
26
What digestive enzyme digests milk sugars?
Lactase
27
What digestive enzyme digests malt sugars?
Glucoamylase
28
What digestive enzyme digests nucleotides?
Nucleotides & phosphatases
29
What digestive enzyme digests maltose, maltotriose, alpha dextrins?
Pancreatic Amylase
30
What digestive enzyme digests peptides?
Trypsin
31
What digestive enzyme kills bacteria?
Lysozyme
32
What digestive enzyme has a pH of 6.5-7.5 and moistens & lubricates?
Saliva
33
What digestive enzyme digests lipids, has pH of 7.5-8.8?
Bile (very alkalinic)
34
What are simple and complex carbs/starches and what digestive enzyme digests them?
Simple- pasta, rices, fruit, table sugar, etc. Complex - vegetables, whole-grain bread, etc. Salivary Amylase
35
Is alkanine water better for people with Metabolic Acidosis or with GERD?
Alkaline water is better for people with Metabolic Acidosis because they are acidic. People with GERD are *already alkalinic* so don't need alkaline water.
36
Esomeprazole (nexium), Lansoprazole (Prevacid), and Pantoprazole sodium (Protonix), (& Calcium carbonate - Tums) are examples of which type of medication?
Antacids
37
What do Antihelmintic meds do?
Kill worms
38
Mebendazole *vermox) is an example of which type of medication?
Antihelmintics
39