Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PANRE > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Boerhaave’s Syndrome

A

Esophageal rupture/pert due to severe retching/vomiting

Hematemesis with SEVERE retrosternal “tearing” pain, SQ emphysema/crepitation

CXR= mediastinal widening
Confirmed by CT chest
Emergent surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Achalasia

A

Ineffective parastalsis or swallow-induced relaxation of LES

Regurgitation of u digested food

Esophagram with “birds beak” distal esophagus
Confirmed by esophageal manometer-measures peristalsis and strength of LES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Esophageal Varices

A

Dilated veins in lower esophagus
H/o portal HTN/cirrhosis

1/3 will bleed-brisk with hematemesis, melena and hematochezia

Emergent endoscopy
Long term expires= BB, no ETOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Zenker’s Diverticulum

A

False outpouching
Dysphasia, choking, cough, aspiration, regurgitation of undigested food

Complications-aspiration pneumo/bronchiectasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Esophageal Web

A

May be result of iron def anemia

Plummer Vinson Syndrome triad= dysphasia, webs, IDA

Treat IDA
EGD/dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Esophageal CA

A

Squamous-proximal esophagus
Smokers, ETOH

Adenocarcinoma-distal esophagus
Barrett’s

Dysphasia for solids only
EGD/biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Barrett’s Esophagus

A

Squamous cells replaced with abnormal glandular-type epithelium= met plastic->dysphasia->anenocarcinoma

Orange/salmon colored patch on EGD
Treat with radio frequency endoscopic ablation and long term PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

H pylori

A

Urea Breath test
Rx: amox+ Clarith+ PPI
Retest 1 month after completion (no PPI or bismuth until retested)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ulcers

A

Gastric: pain after eating
Duodenal: relieved with food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

A

Gastrinoma of pancreas or duodenum

Consider in recurrent PUD, PUD with hypercalcemia, severe and pain/diarrhea, elevated serum gastrin level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gastric Carcinoma

A

Adenocarcinoma
H pylori is strong risk factor
Vague dyspepsia with weight loss

EGD all dyspepsia > 55 if new, persistent or fails empiric treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bilirubin

A

Unconjugated/Indirect= pre-liver
Stool and urine normal, mild jaundice
Causes: hemolysis, Gilbert’s

Conjugated/Direct-jaundice, dark urine, light stools
Causes: biliary obstruction, hepatic ellipse dysfunction, inherited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

A

Autoimmune

Fatigue, jaundice, pruritis, mild hepatomegaly

Elevated Alk Phos
+AMA
Liver bx= gold standard to confirm
Treat with bile acid drugs, transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Autoimmune Hepatitis

A 
Fatigue, anorexia, arthralgias, jaundice
Younger women (30-50)
Elevated transaminases
\+ANA
\+ ASMA
Treat with prednisone/immunomodulators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

A 
Mostly young men (20-40)
Often associated with IBD/ulcerative colitis
ERCP-thick/narrowed bile duct
Elevated total bili, Alk Phos
Leads to end stage liver disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma

A

Non-tender palpable GB with hx of weight loss

Klatskin tumor- hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Junction of right and left hepatic ducts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Etiology: gallstones, ETOH
Severe epigastric pain radiating to back
Dx: CT
Ransom’s criteria= necrotizing pancreatitis (elevated age, WBC, glucose, LDH, AST. Low Ca++)

Rx-IV hydration, NPO, pain meds, pancreatic enzyme replacement.

CA 19-9=helpful tumor marker for CA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Fe overload
Sxs: arthralgias, hepatomegaly, gray skin, cardiomegaly, DM, ED

Hallmark=increased %transferrin sat
Rx=weekly phlebotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Wilson’s Disease

A

Copper overload
Kay-Fleischer ring on eye exam
Rx= Penicillamine (copper chelation agent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hepatitis A

Study These Flashcards
A

Fecal-oral transmission
Mild disease
No chronic carrier
No Rx necessary, avoid ETOH

21
Q

Hepatitis B

Study These Flashcards
A

Chronic carrier 5-10%

Major risk factor for liver CA if carrier

22
Q

Hepatitis C

Study These Flashcards
A 
Leading cause of chronic liver failure
Most common indication for transplant
Most asymptomatic
Screen with EIA, RIBA to confirm
HCV RNA establish chronicity and follow RX

Test Genotype (most type 1)

Rx: interferon+Ribaviron.
Not in psych pts, autoimmune disease, CA patients
Contraindication=Ongoing ETOH/drugs

23
Q

Alcoholic Hepatitis

Study These Flashcards
A 
AST > ALT (>2x)
Prolonged PT/low Albumin=poor prognosis
Vit deficiency (folate/ B's)
24
Q

Nonalcoholic fatty liver:NASH

Study These Flashcards
A

Mildly elevated AST/ALT and alk phos
Dx: US
RX: weight loss/exercise

25
Cirrhosis
Complications-portal htn, esophageal varices, ascites, peritonitis, encephalopathy (Wernicke's)
26
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Tumor marker= AFPo
27
Crohn's
75% terminal ileum/cecum, 25% colon Typically spares rectum "Skip" lesions Full thickness ulcer, anywhere Sxs: Colicky RLQ pain, diarrhea, low grade fever, weight loss Complications: SBO, fistula Gold standard= colonoscopy Findings: string sign, skip lesions, cobblestoning 100x increase risk small bowel CA
28
Mesenteric Ischemia
Abd pain sudden/severe/out of proportion, post-prandial H/o vascular disease CT angiography
29
Celiac Sprue
``` Loss of absorptive surface results in malabsorption Abnormal response to gluten No villi at duodenum on EGD Sx: weight loss, diarrhea, FTT in kids Gold standard= biopsy (abnormal villi) ``` Can't eat: BROW Can eat: CRAP
30
Dermatologic clue to Sprue
Dermatitis herpetiformis Puritic papulovesicles extensor surfaces of trunk and neck Happens in
31
Ulcerative Colitis
``` Superficial ulcerations, friable mucosa Crampy pain (often LLQ), bloody diarrhea ``` Begins distal rectum and spreads proximally Continuous lesion, rectum always involved Complications: toxic megacolon, perforation, cancer Need yearly colonoscopy after 7-8yrs
32
Hepatitis A
Fecal-oral transmission Mild disease No chronic carrier No Rx necessary, avoid ETOH
33
Hepatitis B
Chronic carrier 5-10% | Major risk factor for liver CA if carrier
34
Hepatitis C
``` Leading cause of chronic liver failure Most common indication for transplant Most asymptomatic Screen with EIA, RIBA to confirm HCV RNA establish chronicity and follow RX ``` Test Genotype (most type 1) Rx: interferon+Ribaviron. Not in psych pts, autoimmune disease, CA patients Contraindication=Ongoing ETOH/drugs
35
Alcoholic Hepatitis
``` AST > ALT (>2x) Prolonged PT/low Albumin=poor prognosis Vit deficiency (folate/ B's) ```
36
Nonalcoholic fatty liver:NASH
Mildly elevated AST/ALT and alk phos Dx: US RX: weight loss/exercise
37
Cirrhosis
Complications-portal htn, esophageal varices, ascites, peritonitis, encephalopathy (Wernicke's)
38
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Tumor marker= AFPo
39
Crohn's
75% terminal ileum/cecum, 25% colon Typically spares rectum "Skip" lesions Full thickness ulcer, anywhere Sxs: Colicky RLQ pain, diarrhea, low grade fever, weight loss Complications: SBO, fistula Gold standard= colonoscopy Findings: string sign, skip lesions, cobblestoning 100x increase risk small bowel CA
40
Mesenteric Ischemia
Abd pain sudden/severe/out of proportion, post-prandial H/o vascular disease CT angiography
41
Celiac Sprue
``` Loss of absorptive surface results in malabsorption Abnormal response to gluten No villi at duodenum on EGD Sx: weight loss, diarrhea, FTT in kids Gold standard= biopsy (abnormal villi) ``` Can't eat: BROW Can eat: CRAP
42
Dermatologic clue to Sprue
Dermatitis herpetiformis Puritic papulovesicles extensor surfaces of trunk and neck Happens in
43
Ulcerative Colitis
``` Superficial ulcerations, friable mucosa Crampy pain (often LLQ), bloody diarrhea ``` Begins distal rectum and spreads proximally Continuous lesion, rectum always involved Complications: toxic megacolon, perforation, cancer Need yearly colonoscopy after 7-8yrs
44
Diverticular hemorrhage
Most common Lower GI bleed (50%) Most self limiting Acute, painless, large volume maroon/mahogany or bright red bloody stools
45
Diverticulitis
``` LLQ pain and mass, fever, leukocytosis Plain films to look for free air/obstruct CT if no improvement 2-4 days **No BE or scope acutely Surgical resection if 3 attacks ```
46
Nutritional Deficiencies: Vit A, C, D, K Thiamine Niacin Pyridoxine (B6)
``` A-night blindness, poor wound healing C-scurvy D-osteomalacia K-blood dyscrasias Thiamin (B1)-ETOH/Beri-beri Niacin (B3)-Pellagra (3 D's)-diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis Pyridoxine (B6)-INH/ocp's ```
47
Lower GI bleed
Below Ligament of Treitz | Most common cause>50= diverticulosis
48
Mallory-Weiss Tear
``` Mucosal tear of GE junction from vomiting Self-limited (usually) Painless hematemesis Dx-EGD Rx-supportive ```
49
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Eosinophil-predominant inflammation Concentric esophageal rings PPI, topical glucocorticoids (swallowed fluticasone) ?food allergy eval

PANRE (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions