Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Exam 4 > Gastroesophageal Reflux > Flashcards

Gastroesophageal Reflux Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How is Gastroesophageal reflux described?

A

Backward flow of gastric contents into esophagus resulting in heartburn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is gastroesophageal reflux a sign of

A

Poor digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of adults experience gastroesophageal reflux?

A

15-20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two ways a client with gastroesophageal reflux will present ?

A

Asymptomatic or inflammatory esophagitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What typically helps maintain the pressure differences of the stomach and esophagus?

A

the location of the gastroesophageal junction below the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three types of etiology that can result in a paitent having gastroesophageal reflux?

A
  • Transient reaction of lower esophageal sphincter
  • incompetent lower esophageal sphincter
  • Increased pressure within the stomach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the contributing factors of gastroesophageal reflux?

A
  • Increased gastric volume
  • Certain body positions
  • Pressure from obesity or tight clothing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux?

A

-Obesity
-Older age
-Excessive alcohol consumption
-Smoking
-Hiatal hernia
-Diabetes
-Pregnancy
Diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What types of foods can contribute to gastroesophageal reflux?

A
  • Fatty/fried foods
  • Chocolate
  • Caffeine
  • Citrus
  • Peppermint
  • Spicy foods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux in infants?

A

Spit up or forceful vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux in adults?

A
  • Heartburn after eating, bending over, reclining
  • Cough
  • Flatulence
  • Excessive belching
  • Hoarseness
  • Pain in swallowing
  • Regurgitation of sour material into mouth
  • Atypical chest pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux in children?

A
  • Poor weight gain
  • Recurrent vomiting
  • Irritability
  • Poor feeding
  • Arching of the back
  • Sore throat
  • Asthma
  • Respiratory involvement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the complications with gastroesophageal reflux?

A
  • Erosive esophagitis
  • Esophageal strictures
  • Barrett’s esophagitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Esophageal strictures may lead to what?

A

Dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 things to avoid when trying to prevent gastroesophageal reflux?

A

Avoid:

  • Foods that stimulate acid production
  • Eating close to bedtime
  • Tight-fitting clothing
  • Smoking and alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In order to prevent gastroesophageal reflux what should you do?

A
  • Eat smaller more frequent meals
  • Elevate head of bed to reduce pressure on lower esophageal sphincter
  • Maintain near or ideal body weight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for gastroesophageal reflux?

A
  • Barium swallow
  • Upper endoscopy
  • Bernstein test
  • 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring
  • Esophageal manometry
  • EGD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the types of pharmacologic therapies for gastroesophageal reflux?

A
  • Antacids
  • H2 receptor blockers
  • Proton pump inhibitors
  • Promotility agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the drug of choice for severe GERD?

A

Omeprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What class does sodium bicarbonate belong to?

A

Antacid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is sodium bicarbonate used for?

A

Mild to moderate symptoms of GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What class does famotidine belong to?

A

H2 receptor blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What class does Omeprazole belong to?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What class does metoclopramide belong to?

A

Promotility agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the mechanism of action for sodium bicarbonate?
Neutralizes stomach acid by raising pH of stomach contents
26
What is the primary use for sodium bicarbonate?
Relief of upset stomach associated with hyperacidity
27
What are the adverse effects of sodium bicarbonate?
Metabolic alkalosis Constipation Diarrhea
28
What are the routes that sodium bicarbonate can be given?
Oral and IV
29
What is the onset for oral sodium bicarbonate?
Rapid
30
What is the onset for IV sodium bicarbonate?
Immediate
31
What is the peak for Oral Sodium Bicarbonate?
30 minutes
32
What is the peak of IV sodium Bicarbonate?
Rapid
33
What is the duration for oral sodium bicarbonate?
1-3 hours
34
What is the duration for IV sodium bicarbonate?
Unknown
35
What is the role of the nurse in terms of Antacid therapy?
To assess the patients use of over the counter formulas
36
IF a patient is using over the counter formulas for antacid therapy when should they seek medical attention?
If the symptoms persist or reoccur
37
What could persistent epigastric pain or heart burn be a symptom of?
More serious disease
38
What class does famotidine belong to?
H2 receptor blockers
39
What is the mechanism of action for Famotidine?
Acts by blocking H2 receptors in stomach to decrease acid production
40
What is the primary use for Famotidine?
To treat peptic ulcer disease (GERD)
41
Where does Famotidine effect in the body?
The liver and kidneys
42
What are the adverse effects of Famotidine?
- Dizziness - Confusion - Thombocytopenia - Increases BUN/creatinine
43
Long-term use of Omeprazole is associated with what?
Increased risk of gastric cancer and hip fractures
44
What class does Omeprazole belong to?
Proton Pump Inhibitor
45
What is the mechanism of action for Omeprazole?
Reduces acid secretion in stomach by binding irreversibly to enzyme H1, K1-ATPase
46
What is the primary use for Omeprazole?
A therapy for peptic ulcers and GERD (2-6 months)
47
What are the adverse effects of Omeprazole?
- Headache - Nausea - Diarrhea - Rash - Abdominal pain
48
What is the route omeprazole is given?
Oral
49
What is the onset of omeprazole?
Varies
50
What is the peak of omeprazole?
0.5-3.5 hours
51
What is the duration of omeprazole?
Varies
52
If an infant has GERD what may happen to it?
They may outgrow it
53
What are the pediatric manifestations of GERD?
- Coughing - Difficulty swallowing - Asthma symptoms - Periods of apnea - Frequent upper respiratory infections
54
What may help reduce symptoms and long-term effects of GERD?
Dietary and lifestyle changes
55
What is the next option for a patient with GERD that is unresponsive to pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions?
Surgery
56
What two types of surgeries can be done to help a patient with GERD?
- Laparoscopic fundoplication | - Nissen fundoplication
57
What is the choice surgery for GERD patients?
Laparoscopic fundoplication
58
What should the nurse focus on in GERD patients?
Alleviating symptoms and client education
59
What health history assessment should be done for GERD patients?
- Heartburn - Atypical chest pain - Types of food tolerance - Regurgiation - Symtoms r/t positioning
60
What is the physical assessment to be done on a GERD patient?
epigastric tenderness
61
What are the three diagnoses for a patient with GERD?
- Ineffective Health Maintenance - Acute Pain - Dysfunctional Gastrointestinal Motility
62
What is the nurses priority when treating a GERD patient?
Relieve the discomfort associated with the disease
63
What should the nurse focus her teaching on with a patient with GERD?
- Preventing symptoms | - Long-term consequences of disorder
64
What should the nurse implement when treating a GERD patient?
- Provide client education to reduce pain, make long term lifestyle changes - Refer client to smoking cessation program - Administer medications as ordered - Encourage client's continued use of pharmacologic therapy even after symptoms improve
65
What evaluations should a nurse have with a patient who has GERD?
- Client expresses freedom from heartburn - Client is free from pain - Client verbalizes knowledge of GERD, appropriate diet, lifestyle changes - Client demonstrates ability to manage symptoms

Exam 4 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions