Gastrointestinal

Question 1

Antacid example

Answer 1

Aluminum hydroxide

Magnesium Carbonate

Question 2

Alginic acid example

Answer 2

Sodium Alginate

Question 3

Alginic acid MoA

Answer 3

Increase stomach content and viscosity

reduce reflex

Question 4

Protein pump inhibitor example

Answer 4

Lansoprazole or Omeprazole

Question 5

PPI MoA

Answer 5

Irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase in gastric parietal cells

Question 6

PPI warnings

Answer 6

Masks oesophageal cancer

increases risk of osteoporosis

Question 7

Omeprazole CYP interaction

Answer 7

CYP inhibitor

Question 8

H2 receptor antagonist example

Answer 8

Ranitidine (recalled- carcinogenic)

Question 9

H2 receptor antagonist Ranitidine MoA

Answer 9

Inhibits H2 on parietal cell

decrease acid secretion

Question 10

H pylori treatment

Answer 10

PPI + 2 antibacterial

Lansoprazole + clarithromycin + amoxicillin (metronidazole)

Question 11

Aminosalicylates example

Answer 11

Mesalazine

Question 12

Aminosalicylates MoA

Answer 12

Release 5-aminosalyic acid (anti-inflammatory) in colon
topical due to enteric coated tablets
First line ulcerative collitus

Question 13

Muscarinic receptor antagonist (CTZ) example

Answer 13

Hyoscine hydrobromide

Question 14

Muscarinic receptor antagnist Hyoscine Hydrobromide MoA

Answer 14

Blocks mAChR in the vestibular nucleus at CTZ

motion sickness

Question 15

H1 receptor antagonist Vestibular nuclei example

Answer 15

Cyclazine, Promethazine

Question 16

H1 receptor antagonist MoA

Answer 16

blocks H1 receptor at vestibular nuclei

inhibits histaminergic signals from vestibular nuclei to CTZ in medulla

Question 17

H1 receptor antagonist Cyclazine/Promethazine warnign

Answer 17

Old women & children- confusion and disorientation

Question 18

5HT3 receptor antagonist

Answer 18

Ondansetron - 1st line emesis

Question 19

5HT3 receptor antagonist MoA

Answer 19

Peripheral- GIT reduces motility and secretions

Central- CTZ inhibited

Question 20

5HT3 receptor antagonist ADR

Answer 20

Long QT syndrome

Question 21

D2 receptor antagonists GIT example

Answer 21

Metoclopramide

Question 22

D2 receptor antagonist GIT MoA

Answer 22

Increase ACh at mACHR in GIT 
increase LOS tone 
increase tone and ampliutde of gastric contractions
Decerase pylorus tone
Increase peristalsis

Question 23

Metoclopramide use

Answer 23

Ileus

GORD

Question 24

Metoclopramide ADR

Answer 24

Galactorrhea

Extra-pyramidal

Question 25

D2 receptor antagonist CTZ example

Answer 25

Prochlorperazine

Question 26

Prochlorperazine MoA

Answer 26

acts on CTZ- d2 antagonist | Blocks H1 and muscarinic receptors

Question 27

Corticosteroid CTZ example

Answer 27

Dexamethasone

Question 28

Dexamethasone MoA - CTZ

Answer 28

Assumed to act on CTZ

Question 29

Dexamethasone indications

Answer 29

Perioperative nausea and vomiting Chemotherpay palliation

Question 30

Cannabinoids example

Answer 30

Nabilone

Question 31

Cannabinoids MoA

Answer 31

Acts on CTZ | last line chemotherpay

Question 32

Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist example

Answer 32

aprepitant

Question 33

Aprepitant MoA

Answer 33

prevent substance P at CTZ and peripheral nerves boosts effects of 5HT receptor antagonists (use together) Anxiolytic and antidepressant properties

Question 34

Aprepitant uses

Answer 34

Chemotherapy- delayed emesis

Question 35

Morning sickness (hyperemesis Gravidarium)

Answer 35

Promethazine or Prochloperzine + metoclopramide + Ondansetron

Question 36

Ondansetron 1st trimester risk

Answer 36

Cleft palate/ lip

Question 37

Chemotherapy

Answer 37

Dexamethasone + Ondensatron + Aprepitant

Question 38

Opioid receptor agonist (diarrhoea) example

Answer 38

Loperamide, Codeine, morphine

Question 39

Opioid receptor agonist (diarrhoea) MoA

Answer 39

Loperamide specific to U receptors in myenteric plexus decrease tone of smooth muscle reduced peristalsis decrease colonic mass movement

Question 40

Osmotic laxative examples

Answer 40

Lactulose- draws in water | Movicol and Cosmocol- retain water they came with

Question 41

Stimulate laxative examples

Answer 41

Bisacodyl | Docusate Sodium- stool softener too

Question 42

Bulk forming laxatives

Answer 42

Ispaghula Husk | extra fibre, soften and bulk stool

Question 43

Stool softners

Answer 43

Glycerin suppository docusate sodium- decrease surface tension of stool, allowing water and fat to bind to and soften hard stools. So increases comfort.