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anatomy 1 > gastrointestinal > Flashcards

gastrointestinal Flashcards

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1
Q

Where dies the GI tract extend to?

A

Extends from mouth to anus

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2
Q

Where is the oral cavity?

A

Inferior to the nasal cavities

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3
Q

Describe the Oral cavity.

A

Roof- hard and soft palettes
Floor- tongue
Lateral walls- cheeks
Posterior- aperture ‘osopharyngeal isthmus’ opens into oropharynx

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4
Q

What is the border between the mouth and pharynx marked by?

A

Border marked by palatoglossal arch

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5
Q

What are the four papillae ?

A
  • fungiform
  • filliform
  • vallate
  • foliate
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of the fungiform papillae?

A

Round and relatively large
Along the margins of the tongue

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of the filliform papillae?

A

-small cone shaped
- mucosal projections

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of vallate papillae ?

A
  • blunt ended, cylandrical
  • largest type of papillae
  • 8-12 in a V shape along the tongue
  • anterior to terminal sulcus
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9
Q

Describe the characteristics of the foliate papillae?

A
  • liner folds of mucosa
  • sides of tongue
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10
Q

Which papillae don’t have tastebuds ?

A

Filliform

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11
Q

What are the three parts of the oesophagus ?

A
  • cervical, continuous with the oropharynx
  • thoracic (T1-T10)
  • abdominal (oesophageal hiatus to cardia of the stomach)
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12
Q

What are the three restrictions of the oesophagus ?

A
  • cervical (C5/C6) due to cricoid cartilage
  • thoracic due to aortic arch
  • abdominal due to oesophageal hiatus
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13
Q

What is the peritoneum ?

A

A thin serous membrane lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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14
Q

What are the two types of peritoneum ?

A

Parietal- lines walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities

Visceral- lines organs/vicera

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15
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity ?

A
  • between the two layers of peritoneum
  • potential space
  • filled with serous fluid
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16
Q

What is intraperitoneal?

A
  • when a organ is completely covered with visceral peritoneum
  • e.g stomach, Jejunum, ileum
  • organs are attached to each other or to the abdominal wall by peritoneal folds known as a mesentery
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17
Q

What is retroperitoneal ?

A
  • when an organ lies behind the peritoneum only partially covered
  • e.g pancreas, ascending and descending colon
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18
Q

What is extraperitoneal ?

A
  • lying outside the peritoneum
  • may be fat, tissue etc
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19
Q

What is mesentery ?

A
  • a double layer of peritoneum that encloses an organ
  • usually connects it to the abdominal wall, transmitting blood vessels
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20
Q

Give examples of how the tern mesentery is used.

A
  • mesentery of the small intestine
  • mesentery of the transverse colon
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21
Q

What is the omentum?

A
  • double layered sheet or fold of peritoneum connecting two abdominal organs
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22
Q

Give two examples omentum.

A

Greater omentum- hangs down like and apron, connects the stomach to the transverse colon

Lesser omentum- connects the stomach to the liver- epiploic foramen/ lesser sac

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23
Q

Give features of the greater omentum.

A
  • contains variable amounts of fat
  • mobile
  • forms adhesions to areas of inflammation and limits the spread of infection
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24
Q

What is the peritoneal ligament ?

A
  • a thickened double layer of peritoneum that connects an organ with another organ or with the abdominal wall
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25
Give two examples of peritoneal ligaments and where they are found ?
- falciform ligament - connects the liver to the anterior abdominal wall - coronary ligament- connects the liver to the underside of the diaphragm
26
What is the top area of the stomach called ?
Fundus
27
What are the entrance and exit of the stomach called ?
Oesophagus is the entrance and duodenum is the exit
28
What are the folds in the stomach called and what are their purpose?
Rugae, there to increase SA to aid absorption and digestion
29
Below the body of the stomac there are two segments, what are they called?
- pyloric canal - pyloric antrum
30
Draw and label a diagram of the stomach
31
What does the liver produce and secrete ?
Bile
32
What does the liver metabolise ?
Carbohydrates fat and protein
33
What does the liver filter ?
- filters blood - removes bacteria and foreign particles that have gained entrance to the blood from the lumpen of the small intestine
34
Name one other subastance the liver synthesises
- heparin - anticoagulant substance with an important detoxification function
35
Describe the position of the liver
- occupies the upper part of the abdominal cavity, just beneath the diaphragm - soft, pliable organ that SHOULD NOT been palpable as it lies under cover of the right costal margin - convex upper surface is moulded to the under surface of the diaphragm
36
Describe the visceral surface of the liver.
- left and right lobes - quadrate lobe - caudate lobe - IVC - falciform ligament - Porta hepatis - gall bladder - body, fundus, neck, cystic duct
37
What is liver cirrhosis ?
Permanent scarring of the liver that interferes with its function
38
Describe the duodenum and its key feature.
- pilcae circulares - major duodenal papilla - duodenojejunal junction - pancreas
39
Draw and label the anatomy of the duodenum and pancreas
40
Where is the Jejunum ?
Proxima 2/5 of small intestine
41
Where is the ileum?
Distal 3/5 small intestine
42
Where do the ileum and Jejunum terminate ?
Ileocaecal junction
43
Describe the differences between the Jejunum and ileum
44
Draw and label the large intestine, including the: caecum, appendix, ascending colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum
45
What is the difference between the taeniae and taenia ?
Taeniae- flat ribbon like structure in body Taenia - tapeworm
46
What are the gross anatomical features of the large intestine?
- taeniae coli - haustra - appendices apiploicae
47
What is the main blood supply to the gut?
Abdominal aorta
48
What is the blood supply to the foregut ?
Coeliac axis/ trunk
49
What is the blood supply to the midgut ?
Superior mesenteric
50
What is the blood supply to the hindgut ?
Inferior mesenteric
51
What are the three branches of the coeliac trunk and where do they supply ?
- hepatic, splenic and left gastric - liver, spleen, stomach, proximal duodenum
52
What is in the midgut ?
Distal duodenum, small intestine, caecum, proximal colon
53
What is in the hindgut?
- distal colon, rectum
54
What is the venous drainage system of the GI tract called?
Portal venous system
55
What is the venous drainage system of the GI tract formed by?
The portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins behind the neck of the pancreas
56
Describe the venous pathway in the liver ?
Portal vein enters the liver and breaks up into sinusoids from chick blood passes into the hepatic veins that join the inferior vena cava
57
What forms the hepatic portal vein?
- superior mesenteric vein - splenic vein - inferior mesenteric vein
58
What are the communication systems between the portal and systemic systems called ?
- oesophageal - rectal - paraumbilical - colic
59
What is anastomoses ?
An anastomosis is a connection or opening between two things that are normally diverging or branching, such as between blood vessels, leaf veins, or streams.
60
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anatomy 1 (5 decks)

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