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Anatomy Spot Check Year 1 > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

All but one tongue muscles are innervated by the _______

A

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

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2
Q

All of the tongue muscles are innervated by _____, except the ______, which is innervated by _____.

A

All of the tongue muscles are innervated by CNXII (hypoglossal), except the palatoglossus which is innervated by CNX (vagus)

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3
Q

The palatoglossus is innervated by the ________

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

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4
Q

Constrictor muscles of the pharynx are innervated by _______

A

Constrictor muscles of the pharynx are innervated by the vagus nerve (CNX)

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5
Q

The external layer of pharyngeal muscle

A

Constrictor muscles

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6
Q

Inner longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are innervated by

A

CNIX (glossopharyngeal) and CNX (vagus)

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7
Q

True/False: Stylopharyngeus is one of two muscles innervated by CNIX

A

False
Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle innervated by CNIX

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8
Q

Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle innervated by ______

A

Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle innervated by CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

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9
Q

______ is the only muscle innervated by CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

A

Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle innervated by CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

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10
Q

Nerves involved in the gag reflex

A

Sensory Limb- CNIX (glossopharyngeal)
Motor Limb- CNIX (glossopharyngeal) and CNX (vagus)

Summary: Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve are involved

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11
Q

Nerve(s) in gag reflex sensory limb

A

CNIX (Glossopharyngeal)

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12
Q

Nerve(s) in gag reflects motor limb

A

CNIX (Glossopharyngeal) and CNX (Vagus nerve)

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13
Q

Nerve(s) that supplies the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

A

General sensory- CNV3 (trigeminal nerve- mandibular nerve)
Special sensory (taste) - CNVII (facial nerve)

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14
Q

Nerve(s) that supply the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A

General and special sensory- CNIX (glossopharyngeal)

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the jaw closing and opening innervated by?

A

CNV3
The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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16
Q

True/False: the mandibular nerve Innervates jaw muscles opening and closing?

A

True

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17
Q

True/False: The mandibular nerve is a division of the trochlear cranial nerve.

A

False
CNV3 (mandibular) is a division of the trigeminal nerve

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18
Q

List the muscles involved in Jaw Closing

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial ptyergoid

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19
Q

List the muscles involved in Jaw Opening

A

Lateral ptyergoid

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20
Q

Pterygoid plates are part of the _______

A

Pterygoid plates are part of the sphenoid bone

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21
Q

Describe appendicitis pain

A

Dull ache around the umbilicus, which then moves to become a sharp localised pain in the RIF as it irritates the parietal peritoneum.

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22
Q

Appendix: foregut? hindgut? or midgut?

A

Midgut organ

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23
Q

Nerves in the parasympathetic innervation of the GI Tract

A

Vagus nerve and Pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2, S3, S4)

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24
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the descending colon to the anal canal

A

Pelvic Splanchnic nerve (S2, S3, S4)

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25
Q

Parasympathetic innervation up to the distal end of the transverse colon

A

Vagus nerve

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26
Q

Is the Liver intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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27
Q

Parasympathetic/Sympathetic nerves synapse indirectly/directly onto cells of the adrenal gland

A

Sympathetic nerves synapse directly onto cells of the adrenal gland

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28
Q

List the visceral afferent nerves fibres of the gut

A

T6-T9 Foregut
T8-T12 Midgut
T10-L2 Hingut

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29
Q

Visceral afferent nerves of the foregut

A

T6-T9

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30
Q

Visceral afferent nerves of the midgut

A

T8-T12

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31
Q

Visceral afferent nerves of the hindgut

A

T10-L2

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32
Q

Function of gallbladder

A

Stores AND concentrates bile

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33
Q

1st branch of Abdominal aorta

A

Coeliac trunk

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34
Q

Branch of the abdominal aorta at T12 level

A

Coeliac trunk

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35
Q

What does the coeliac trunk supply?

A

The organs of the foregut

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36
Q

The ______ is the 1st branch of the abdominal aorta, at ____ level, and supplies the organs of the ______

A

The coeliac trunk is the 1st branch of the abdominal aorta, at T12 level, and supplies the organs of the foregut

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37
Q

Which artery has a very tortuous course?

A

Splenic artery

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38
Q

Where does the splenic artery run in relation to the pancreas?

A

Along the superior border of the pancreas

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39
Q

_____ runs a very torturous course, running alongside the ______ border of the ______

A

The splenic artery runs a very tortuous course, running alongside the superior border of the pancreas

40
Q

The majority of bilirubin production occurs in the _____

A

Liver

41
Q

The spleen breaks down _____ to produce ______

A

The spleen breaks down red blood cells to produce bilirubin
(Most bilirubin production happens in the liver however)

42
Q

Which ribs protect the spleen

A

Ribs 7-11

43
Q

Describe the blood supply to the stomach

A

Right and left gastric arteries
Right and left gastro-omental arteries

44
Q

Blood supply to stomach- where do the gastric arteries come from

A

Right gastric artery- from hepatic artery
Left gastric artery- from coeliac trunk

45
Q

Blood supply to stomach- where do the gastro-omental arteries come from

A

RIght - from gastro-dundenal branch of hepatic artery
Left - from splenic artery

46
Q

The liver lies deep to ribs _____

A

The liver lies deep to ribs 7-11

47
Q

Name the 4 lobes of the liver

A

Right, left, caudate, quadrate

48
Q

Blood supply to the gallbladder

A

Cystic artery

49
Q

Elements of the portal triad

A

Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and common bile duct

50
Q

Bile duct joins the _____ duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

Bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla

51
Q

_____ duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

Bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla

52
Q

Bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ________

A

Bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla

53
Q

______ duct joins the _____ duct to form the ampulla of ______

A

Bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of vater/hepatopancreatic ampulla

54
Q

What causes jaundice

A

Increase in blood levels of bilirubin

55
Q

Main blood supply to the pancreas

A

Pancreatic branches of splenic artery

56
Q

Blood supply to the pancreas

A

Pancreatic branches of splenic artery
And superior + inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

57
Q

Where does the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery come from?

A

Gastroduodenal branch of hepatic artery

58
Q

Where does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery come from?

A

SMA (superior mesenteric artery)

59
Q

Duodenum 4 parts retro/intraperitoneal?

A

The first part- intraperitoneal
Other 3 parts- retroperitoneal

60
Q

Are the paracolic gutters part of the greater or lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity

A

The paracolic gutters are part of the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity

61
Q

Where is the appendicular orifices

A

Posterior medial wall of the caecum, 1/3rd of the way between right ASIS and the umbilicus

62
Q

Which landmark matches with the appendicular orifices

A

McBurney’s point

63
Q

Posterior medial wall of the caecum, 1/3rd of the way between right ASIS and the umbilicus- what is this describing

A

Appendicular orifices
(also corresponds to McBurney’s point)

64
Q

Abdominal aorta bifurcates into common iliacs at ___

A

L4 level

65
Q

The main arterial anastomosis in the large intestine is called the ______

A

Marginal artery of Drummond

66
Q

Blood supply to rectum and anal canal

A

Superior rectal artery
Middle and inferior rectal arteries

67
Q

Blood supply to rectum and anal canal (Hindgut part)

A

Superior rectal artery

68
Q

Blood supply to rectum and anal canal (Somatic part- below pectinate line)

A

Middle and inferior rectal arteries

69
Q

Where does the superior rectal artery come from

A

IMA (inferior mesenteric artery)

70
Q

Where do the middle and inferior rectal arteries come from?

A

Internal iliac arteries

71
Q

When does the somatic part of the rectum and anal canal start?

A

Pectinate line

72
Q

3 important sites of portal-systemic anastomoses

A

-Distal end of oesophagus
-Skin around the umbilicus
-Rectum/anal canal

73
Q

Pelvic floor

A

Levator ani muscle

74
Q

When does the sigmoid colon become rectum

A

Rectosigmoid junction, anterior to S3

75
Q

When does the rectum become the anal canal

A

Anterior to the tip of the coccyx

76
Q

3 muscles associated with levator ani

A

iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
puborectalis

77
Q

Nerve supply to the levator ani

A

A branch of the sacral plexus, S3, S4
Pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)

78
Q

Pudendal nerve ____ contraction of the ____ anal sphincter

A

Pudendal nerve stimulates contraction of the external anal sphincter

79
Q

What does the pudenal nerve do to the external anal sphincters

A

Stimulates contraction of external anal sphincters

80
Q

Which nerve stimulates contraction of the external anal sphincters

A

Pudendal nerve

81
Q

_____ keeps the pelvis off the floor

A

S2, 3, 4 (Pudendal nerve)

82
Q

The pudendal nerve exits the pelvis via the _______ and enters the peritoneum through the _____

A

The pudendal nerve exits the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and enters the peritoneum through the lesser sciatic foramen

83
Q

Above the pectinate line: Nerve supply type

A

Autonomic

84
Q

Above the pectinate line: Arterial supply

A

Inferior Mesenteric

85
Q

Above the pectinate line: Venous drainage

A

Portal system via IMV

86
Q

Above the pectinate line: Lymphatic drainage

A

IM node

87
Q

Below the pectinate line: Nerve supply type

A

Somatic, pudendal

88
Q

Below the pectinate line: Arterial supply

A

Internal iliac

89
Q

Below the pectinate line: Venous drainage

A

Systematic system via internal iliac

90
Q

Below the pectinate line: Lymphatic Drainage

A

!Superficial inguinal nodes!

91
Q

Ischioanal fossae lie _____ of the anal canal

A

Ischioanal fossae lie on either side of the anal canal

92
Q

What lies on either side of the anal canal

A

Ischioanal fossae

93
Q

What does bile travel through from the liver

A

Common hepatic duct

94
Q

Where does the common hepatic duct transport bile from

A

Liver

95
Q

What does bile travel through from the gallbladder?

A

Cystic duct

96
Q

The common hepatic duct and cystic duct form the ______

A

Common bile duct

Anatomy Spot Check Year 1 (3 decks)

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