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FRCR 2A Extra Cards > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Meconium ileus vs plug?

A

Ileus -> SBO
Plug -> LBO within first 2 days of life

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2
Q

Meconium ileus associated condition?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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3
Q

Meconium ileus vs plug blockage location?

A

Ileus = terminal ileum
Plug = Splenic flexure

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4
Q

Age at presentation of NEC?

A

< 10 days

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5
Q

Age at presentation of meconium ileus or plug syndrome?

A

<48 hours

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6
Q

Age at presentation of Hirschprung disease?

A

<6 weeks

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7
Q

Peutz jeghers syndrome features? (2)

A

Bowel hamartomas + mucocutaneous pigmentation

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8
Q

Gardner syndrome triad?

A

Desmoid tumours, colonic polyps, bony osteomas

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9
Q

Turcot syndrome features? (2)

A

Brain tumour, colonic polyps

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10
Q

Where does an obturator hernia originate?

A

Between pectineus and obturator externus, through the obturator foramen

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11
Q

Describe a spigelian hernia and its location

A

Inferolateral abdominal wall defect, lateral to the rectus abdominus muscle

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12
Q

Describe the margins of the indirect inguinal hernia

A

superolateral to the pubic tubercle and lateral to the inferior epigastric vein

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13
Q

Describe the margins of a direct inguinal hernia

A

superolateral to the pubic tubercle, medial to the inferior epigastric vein

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14
Q

Femoral hernia margins?

A

Inferolateral to the pubic tubercle and medial to the femoral vein

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15
Q

Booerhave syndrome radiology finding?

A

Left side pleural effusion on XR/CT

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16
Q

Serous vs mucinous cyst adenoma: size?

A

<20mm = serous
>20mm = mutinous

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17
Q

Serous vs mutinous cyst adenoma: location?

A

Head = serous
Tail = mutinous

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18
Q

Serous vs mutinous cyst adenoma: benign/malignant?

A

Benign = serous
Malignant = mucinous

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19
Q

Peritoneal mesothelioma is far more common in which sex?

A

Men

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20
Q

Fibrolamellar carcinoma of liver - 3 features?

A

Young person
Calcified mass
Normal afP

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21
Q

Focal liver nodule hyperplasia - MRI Features? (3)

A

High T2 signal
Strong arterial phase enhancement
Isointense on portal venous phase

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22
Q

What causes a focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver?

A

Congenital vascular malformation causes focal oversupply of blood to liver, -> focal overgrowth

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23
Q

HCC is high signal on …, with … enhancement on MRI

A

T2 bright, arterial

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24
Q

Mutinous cyst adenoma - amylase and CEA levels?

A

amylase low
cea high

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25
Which 4 cancer mets can cause liver capsule retraction?
Colorectal, breast, carcinoid, lung
26
Oesophageal variceal bleeding is due to which two veins anastamosing?
Left gastric vein + azygous vein
27
Abdominal tuberculosis most commonly affects the..... with thickening of the ..... and narrowing of the ......
ileocaecal junction ileocaecal valve terminal ileum
28
Umbilical variceal bleeding is due to which two veins anastamosing?
Inferior epigastric vein + para-umbilical veins
29
Solid pseudopapillary pancreatic lesion: location and features? (2)
Tail of pancreas thick capsule, progressive fill in of the solid components
30
Carcinoid syndrome - classical presentation on CT?
a mesenteric soft-tissue density mass containing flecks of calcification and causing a striking desmoplastic reaction in the adjacent mesentry giving it a spiculated appearance
31
What is the triangular cord sign?
echogenic band running anterior to the portal vein at the ports hepatic (biliary atresia)
32
A mis-located spleen can be confirmed with what tests? (2)
Technetium 99m Sulfur colloid scan or Labelled RBC scan (with Tc99m)
33
Following liver transplant, what timelines would you expect from potential GvH disease? Veno occlusive disease?
GvH disease - 3-12 months after transplant Veno-occlusive disease - 20-30 days
34
Differentiating factor between dorsal pancreatic agenesis and lipomatosis (CF)?
absence of the pancreatic duct (suggesting agenesis)
35
What is the best test to confirm Carcinoic tumour diagnosis?
Ocreotide scan + MRI
36
Gastric lymphoma commonly ...which is a key feature differentiating it from carcinoma.
crosses the pylorus
37
Scleroderma - small bowel features?
dilatation without loss of valvulae conniventes, prolonged transit time
38
Coeliac disease small bowel features?
dilatation without increase in fold thickness
39
Zollinger-ellison syndrome small bowel features?
dilatation of the proximal small bowel due to hypersecretion
40
41
5 DDx of low attenuating lymph nodes?
CT LWM Coeliac TB Lymphoma Whipple disease Mets (necrotic)
42
The oesophagus originates at the ... vertebral level and extends to the cardiac orifice of the stomach at the ... vertebral level.
C6 T11
43
Ectopic pancreas - characteristic feature?
central recess or umbilication
44
How does groove pancreatitis present on imaging?
soft tissue mass between the pancreatic head and duodenum wall thickening of the duodenum
45
what is whipple disease? how does it present?
infection with Tropheryma whipplei causes jejunal fold thickening (malabsorption) and arthralgia and skin changes.
46
T/F: Gastric lymphomas commonly cause outlet obstruction
False, no matter the size
47
Menetrier disease triad?
gastric glandular hypertrophy, achlorhydia and hypoproteinaemia
48
What is a bezoar?
Filling defect within the stomach due to various potential causes
49
GIST tumours commonly present with...?
Mets
50
what is chilaiditi sign?
transverse colon rises up to sit under the right hemidiaphragm, a mimic for subdiaphragmatic gas
51
98% of rectal tumours are adenocarcinomas. If the diagnosis is squamous cell carcinoma, ... is usually the underlying diagnosis.
HPV
52
psoas sign - flexing thigh at hip. What does this indicate?
irritation of the iliopsoas group of hip flexors in the abdomen. Suggests retrocaecal appendicitis
53
A liver abscess on MRI will show ...T1 signal and ...T2 signal
low, high
54
Pseudomyxoma peritonei is the term used to denote ...
the peritoneal cavity filled with mucinous fluid secondary to intraperitoneal rupture of a mucinous tumour
55
Infection in post-appendicectomy patients which causes sinus tract and pus?
Actinomycosis
56
Epiploic appendagitis vs omental infarction: sizes?
<3cm = Epiploic >3cm = omental
57
Epiploic appendagitis vs omental infarction: location?
adjacent to sigmoid/caecum = epiploic RLQ = omental
58
Epiploic appendagitis vs omental infarction: duration?
shorter Hx = epiploic longer Hx = omental
59
Epiploic appendagitis and omental infarction imaging findings on USS and CT?
USS - hyperechoic mass CT - low density mass with focal fat stranding
60
what artery is contained within the rectus sheath?
Inferior epigastric artery
61
Infective colitis causes based on location - CMV and e-coli?
diffuse involvement of whole colon
62
Infective colitis causes based on location - salmonella and shigella?
right sided colon
63
Infective colitis causes based on location - schistosomiasis?
left sided colon
64
Infective colitis causes based on location - gonorrhoea, herpes, chlamydia?
rectosigmoid colon
65
which colic vessels are most commonly affected by angiodysplasia?
right colic artery

FRCR 2A Extra Cards (3 decks)

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