Gastrointestinal

Question 1

Side effect of Calcium Channel Blockers or phenytoin

Answer 1

Gingival Hypertrophy/hyperplasia

Question 2

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)

Answer 2

achalasia

Question 3

Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness)

Answer 3

acute pancreatitis

Question 4

Murphy’s sign positive

Answer 4

Cholecystitis

Question 5

Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain

Answer 5

biliary obstruction

Question 6

Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

Answer 6

portal hypertension + ascites

Question 7

tinkling bowel sounds

Answer 7

bowel obstruction

Question 8

Vesicular rash + weight loss

Answer 8

coeliac disease

Question 9

Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)

Answer 9

gastric cancer

Question 10

Urea breath test

Answer 10

H pylori

Question 11

14C breath test

Answer 11

bacterial overgrowth

Question 12

Rice-water-like stools

Answer 12

vibrio cholera

Question 13

Presence of AMA (Anti mitochondrial antibodies)

Answer 13

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Question 14

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

Answer 14

Autoimmune hepatitis

Question 15

Alpha Feto Protein assay

Answer 15

hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 16

Cobblestone mucosa

Answer 16

crohn’s

Question 17

Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

Answer 17

spironolactone

Question 18

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

Answer 18

diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 19

Severe abdo pain + D&V after raw milk

Answer 19

Campylobacter

Question 20

self induced vomiting

Answer 20

Russell’s sign (anorexia/bulimia nervosa)

Question 21

Mallory’s hyaline bodies

Answer 21

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 22

Crypt abscess / cryptitis

Answer 22

Crohn’s

Question 23

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

Answer 23

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 24

Signet Ring cells seen on biopsy

Answer 24

Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer

Question 25

Thumb-printing on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure

Answer 25

Ischaemic colitis

Question 26

Acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis

Answer 26

Charcot’s triad

Question 27

Side effect of spironlactone

Answer 27

gynaecomastia

Question 28

what type of mouth disease do people with Crohn’s have?

Answer 28

stomatitis gangrenosum

Question 29

barretts oesophagus

Answer 29

replacement of oesophagus stratified squamous epithelium by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 30

dukes classification

Answer 30

A – confined to bowel wall B – local spread outwith bowel wall C – lymph node metastases

Question 31

thumb printing at splenic flexure

Answer 31

ischaemic colitis

Question 32

A to I causes of liver disease

Answer 32

``` A - Autoimmune B - Hepatitis B C - Hepatitis C D - Drugs e.g. paracetamol E - Ethanol F - Fatty Liver Disease (NASH ~ obesity) G - Growth (cancer/metastases) H - Haemodynamic e.g. congestive heart failure I - Infiltration [iron] (e.g. haemochromatosis, Wilson’s Disease) or Infective ```

Question 33

GET SMASHED pancreatitis causes

Answer 33

``` G - gallstones E - ethanol T - trauma S - steroids M - mumps A - autoimmune S - scorpion stings H - hyperlipidaemia/hypercalcaemia E - ERCP D - drugs ```