Gastrointestinal

Question 1

what 2 drugs cause gingival hypertrophy?

Answer 1

Calcium channel blockers

Phenytoin

Question 2

“Bird beak appearance” (and distended oesophagus) - upper GI imagine?
Lower GI imaging?

Answer 2

Upper = achalasia
Lower = bowel obstruction

Question 3

What are grey turner’s and culler’s sign a sign of?

Answer 3

Acute pancreatitis

Question 4

What is grey turner’s?

Answer 4

Lumbar redness = acute pancretitis

Question 5

What is Cullen’s sign?

Answer 5

Umbilical redness

Question 6

What is murphy’s sign?

What causes this?

Answer 6

It is elicited by firmly placing a hand at the costal margin in the right upper abdominal quadrant and asking the patient to breathe deeply. If the gallbladder is inflamed, the patient will experience pain and catch their breath as the gallbladder descends and contacts the palpating hand
Cholecystitis/ cholangitis

Question 7

What causes pale stools, jaundice and abdo pain?

Answer 7

Biliary obstruction

Question 8

What causes abdominal distension, caput medusae and shifting dullness? (2)

Answer 8

Portal hypertension

Ascites

Question 9

What causes pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum?

Answer 9

Crohns and UC

Question 10

“Tinkling bowel sounds”?

Answer 10

Bowel osbtruciton

Question 11

Vesicular rash (small fluid filled sacs) and weight loss?

Answer 11

Coeliac disease

Question 12

Where is Virchow’s node located?

What is it a sign of?

Answer 12

Left supra-clavicular region

Gastric cancer

Question 13

what is the urea breath test for

Answer 13

H pylori

Question 14

what is 14C breath test for?

Answer 14

Bacterial overgrowth

Question 15

“rice-water” like stools?

Answer 15

Vibrio cholera

Question 16

Presence of AMA?

Answer 16

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Question 17

Presence of ASMA?

Answer 17

Autoimmune hepatitis

Question 18

What is alpha feet protein assay used to test for? (2)

Answer 18

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Teratoma

Question 19

Cobblestone mucosa?

What does this indicate?

Answer 19

Crohns disease

Indicating deep fissuring ulceration of the mucoa

Question 20

What diuretics are used to treat ascites (due to cirrhosis)?

Answer 20

Spirolactone

Question 21

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow?

Answer 21

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 22

Severe abdominal pain and diarrhoea and vomiting after raw milk?

Answer 22

campylobacter

Question 23

Russell’s sign?

Answer 23

self induced vomiting

Question 24

Mallory’s hyaline bodies? (3)

Answer 24

Alcohol liver disease
Acute hepatitis
Chronic active hepatitis

Question 25

Crypt abscess/ cryptitis?

Answer 25

UC

Question 26

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts?

Answer 26

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 27

Linitis plastica?

Answer 27

Morphological variant of diffuse gastric cancer

Question 28

Thumb printing on x-ray commonly at the splenic flexure?

Answer 28

Ischaemic colitis

Question 29

Charcot's triad? | Cause?

Answer 29

Fever Jaundice Abdominal pain Acute cholangitis secondary to cholelithiasis

Question 30

Causes of abdominal masses?

Answer 30

``` (A CHEMICAL) AAA Crohns Hernia Enlarged organ Malignancy Intersusception Cyst or abscess Appendicitis Lymphadenopathy ```

Question 31

Causes for bowel obstruction?

Answer 31

``` BATH VIPS Bolus Adhesion (normally post-op and in small bowel) Tumour Hernia Volvulus Intersussception Pseudo-obstruction Stricture ```

Question 32

Absence of liver dullness?

Answer 32

Sign of perforation - alone with lying very still, rigid abdomen and tachycardia/ sweating/ distress

Question 33

What will a patient look like who has an obstruction?

Answer 33

Can't sit still and have a colicky pain

Question 34

AMA?

Answer 34

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Question 35

Gatric parietal cell antibody?

Answer 35

Pernicious anaemia

Question 36

Pernicious anaemia?

Answer 36

a deficiency in the production of red blood cells through a lack of vitamin B12.

Question 37

Anti transflutaminase antibody, anti endomysial antibody?

Answer 37

Coeliac disease

Question 38

Thyroid receptor antibodies (TRAb)?

Answer 38

Graves

Question 39

Perinuclear-ANCA? (2)

Answer 39

UC, PSC

Question 40

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies? (ANCA)

Answer 40

Primary sclerosing cholangitis