Gastrointestinal

Question 1

Gingival Hypertrophy

Answer 1

Gingivectomy / biting on own gums = side effect of CCB or phenytoin

Question 2

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)

Answer 2

Achalasia; if in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction

Question 3

Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive

Answer 3

Acute pancreatitis

Question 4

GET SMASHED

Answer 4

Gallstones 
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids  
Mumps 
Autoimmune
Spider bites 
Hyperlipidaemia/ hyperthermia/ hypercalcaemia 
ERCP 
Drugs

Question 5

Murphy’s sign positive

Answer 5

Cholecystitis

Question 6

Pale stools, jaundice, abdo pain

Answer 6

Biliary obstruction

Question 7

Abdo distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

Answer 7

Portal hypertension + ascites

Question 8

Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

Answer 8

Crohn’s / UC

Question 9

Tinkling bowel sounds

Answer 9

Bowel obstruction

Question 10

Vesicular rash and weigh loss

Answer 10

Coeliac’s disease

Question 11

Virchow’s node

Answer 11

Gastric cancer

Question 12

Urea breath test

Answer 12

H pylori

Question 13

C14 breath test

Answer 13

Bacterial overgrowth

Question 14

Rice water like stools

Answer 14

Vibrio cholera

Question 15

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Answer 15

Presence of AMA anti-mitochondrial antibodies

Question 16

Autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 16

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

Question 17

Alpha Feto protein assay

Answer 17

Hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 18

Cobblestone mucosa

Answer 18

Indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa = found in crowns

Question 19

Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

Answer 19

Spironolactone

Question 20

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

Answer 20

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 21

Severe abdo pain + D &V after raw milk

Answer 21

Campylobacter

Question 22

Russel’s sign

Answer 22

Self induced vomiting

Question 23

Mallory’s hyaline bodies

Answer 23

Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 24

Crypt abscess/ cyrptitis

Answer 24

Crohns

Question 25

Onion skinning fibrosis beading of bile ducts

Answer 25

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 26

Signet ring cells seen on biopsy

Answer 26

Linitis plastica -diffuse stomach cancer

Question 27

Thumb printing on Xray commonly at splenic flexure

Answer 27

Ischaemic colitis

Question 28

Charcot's triad

Answer 28

Acute cholangitits i.e. fever, jaundice and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis

Question 29

Causes for abdominal mass: A CHEMICAL

Answer 29

``` AAA Crohn's Hernia Enlarged organ Malignancy Intersusseption Cyst or abscess Appendicitis Lymphadenopathy ```

Question 30

Causes of bowel obstruction: BATH VIPS

Answer 30

``` Bolus Adhesions Tumour Hernia Volvulus Intersusseption Pseudo-obstruction Stricture ```

Question 31

Senital loop

Answer 31

Seen on Xray in acute pancreatitis

Question 32

Hartmann procedure

Answer 32

Management of diverticular disease

Question 33

Seton stitch

Answer 33

fistular in ano

Question 34

Feeling of passing glass on defacation

Answer 34

Anal fissure