Gastrointestinal Anatomy SMP

Question 1

At what vertebral level is the coeliac trunk?

Answer 1

T12

Question 2

At what vertebral level is the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 2

L1

Question 3

At what vertebral level is the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 3

L3

Question 4

What does the coeliac trunk supply?

Answer 4

Foregut associated structures

• Distal oesophagus to duodenum (as far as entry of bile duct)
• Liver
• Most of the pancreas
• Spleen

Question 5

What is the broad arterial supply for distal oesophagus to duodeum (as far as entry of bile duct)?

Answer 5

Coeliac trunk

Question 6

What is the broad arterial supply for the liver?

Answer 6

Coeliac trunk

Question 7

What is the broad arterial supply for most of the pancreas?

Answer 7

Coeliac trunk

Question 8

Whst is the broad arterial supply for the spleen?

Answer 8

Coeliac trunk

Question 9

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 9

Midgut associated structures

• Distal duodenum to first 2/3 of transverse colon
• Lower head of pancreas

Question 10

What is the broad arterial supply of the dIstal duodenum to first 2/3 of transverse colon?

Answer 10

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 11

What is the broad arterial supply of the lower head of the pancreas?

Answer 11

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 12

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 12

Hindgut associated structures:

• Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to end of true gut (at pectinate line of anal canal)

Question 13

What is the broad arterial supply of distal 1/3 of transverse colon to end of true gut?

Answer 13

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 14

What is considered both a foregut and midgut structure?

Answer 14

Pancreas

Question 15

What are the (3) branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 15

1. Left gastric artery
2. Splenic artery
3. Common hepatic artery

Question 16

What are the (6) branches of the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 16

1. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
2. Jejunal branches (up to 20)
3. Ileal branches (up to 20)
4. Ileocolic artery
5. Right colic artery
6. Middle colic artery

Question 17

What are the (3) branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 17

1. Left colic artery
2. Sigmoidal artery (2-3)
3. Superior rectal (continuation of IMA)

Question 18

What is the main venous drainage of the foregut?

Answer 18

Splenic vein

Question 19

What is the main venous drainage of the midgut?

Answer 19

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 20

What is the main venous drainage of the hindgut?

Answer 20

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 21

What is the main arterial drainage of the foregut?

Answer 21

Coeliac trunk

Question 22

What is the main arterial drainage of the midgut?

Answer 22

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 23

What is the main arterial drainage of the hindgut?

Answer 23

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 24

What structures are associated with the foregut?

Answer 24

• Distal oesophagus to duodenum (as far as entry of bile duct)
• Liver
• Most of pancreas
• Spleen

Question 25

What structures are associated with **midgut**?

Answer 25

* Distal duodenum to first 2/3 transverse colon * Lower head of pancreas

Question 26

What structures are associated with the **hindgut**?

Answer 26

* Distal 1/3 of transverse colon to end of true gut (at pectinate line of anal canal)

Question 27

What artery provides **anastomosis between arteries that supply the colon**, extending from start to end?

Answer 27

Marginal artery

Question 28

Where does the **GIT venous return** drain into?

Answer 28

The portal vein to the liver

Question 29

What is the **lymphatic** drainage of the **foregut**?

Answer 29

Coeliac nodes

Question 30

What is the **lymphatic** drainage of the **midgut**?

Answer 30

Superior mesenteric nodes

Question 31

What is the **lymphatic** drainage of the **hindgut**?

Answer 31

Inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 32

What layer of the stomach absorbs and secretes mucus and digestive enzymes?

Answer 32

Epithelial layer

Question 33

What does the **epithelial layer** of the stomach do?

Answer 33

Absorbs and secretes mucus and digestive enzymes

Question 34

What structures are in the **laminal propria** of the stomach?

Answer 34

Blood and lymphatic vessels

Question 35

What are the (3) layers of the **stomach lining**?

Answer 35

1. Epithelial layer 2. Lamina propria 3. Muscularis mucosa

Question 36

What is the function of the **foveolar cells**?

Answer 36

Secrete mucus: water and glycoproteins

Question 37

What do the **parietal cells** of the stomach secrete?

Answer 37

Hydrochloric acid

Question 38

Which cells of the stomach secrete **hyrochloric acid?**

Answer 38

Parietal cells

Question 39

What do the **chief cells** of the stomach secrete?

Answer 39

**Pepsinogen**: an enzyme that digests protein

Question 40

Which cells of the stomach secrete **pepsinogen**?

Answer 40

Chief cells

Question 41

What do **G cells** in the stomach (also duodenum and pancreas) secrete?

Answer 41

Gastrin

Question 42

What is the function of **gastrin** in the stomach?

Answer 42

* Stimulates parietal cells to secrete hydrochloric acid * Stimulates the growth of glands throughout the stomach

Question 43

What do **brunner glands** in the duodenum secrete?

Answer 43

Mucus rich in bicarbonate ions

Question 44

What is the function of **mucus and bicarbonate** in the stomach walls and duodenum?

Answer 44

Neutrolises hydrochloric acid

Question 45

What are the **(4) regions of the stomach**?

Answer 45

1. **Cardia**: foveolar cells 2. **Fundus**: parietal cells, chief cells 3. **Body:** parietal cells, chief cells 4. **Antrum**: G cells

Question 46

What is the role of **prostaglandins** of the stomach (4)?

Answer 46

* Stimulate mucus and bicarbonate secretion * Vasodilate nearby blood vessels * Promote new epithelial growth * Inhibit acid secretion