Gastrointestinal conditions pt1

Question 1

Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease

• The weakening of the ring muscle at the end of the _____
• Stomach _____ leaks due to weakness in the oesophagus muscle
• Increased _____
• Heartburn
• _____pain
• Acid _____
• Water brash
• Chronic _____
• Nausea

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease

• The weakening of the ring muscle at the end of the oesophagus
• Stomach acid leaks due to weakness in the oesophagus muscle
• Increased salivation
• Heartburn
• Chest pain
• Acid regurgitation
• Water brash
• Chronic cough
• Nausea

Question 2

Peptic Ulcer

• Main causes are _____ or from _____ infection
• The lining of the stomach becomes _____ from the acids
• _____ and _____ pain
• Dyspepsia
• Anaemia
• _____ weight loss
• Vomiting

Answer 2

Peptic Ulcer

• Main causes are NSAIDs or from H. pylori infection
• The lining of the stomach becomes eroded from the acids
• Usually caused by prolonged NSAIDs use or H pylori infection
• Epigastric and chest pain
• Dyspepsia
• Anaemia
• Unexplained weight loss
• Vomiting

Question 3

Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis

• Inflammation of the _____
• Due to the formation of _____ blocking the cystic ducts and blocking _____ ducts, this causes inflammation of the gallbladder
• Ultrasound

Answer 3

Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis

• Inflammation of the gallballder
• Due to the formation of gallstones blocking the cystic ducts and blocking biliary ducts, this causes inflammation of the gallbladder
• Ultrasound

Question 4

Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis

• Localised tenderness and pain that radiates to the _____ and right _____
• Nausea and vomiting
• Aggravated with deep _____
• _____ meal can cause pain
• Palpable _____

Answer 4

Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis

• Localised tenderness and pain that radiates to the scapula and right shoulder
• Nausea and vomiting
• Aggravated with deep inspiration
• Fatty meal can cause pain
• Palpable gallbladder

Question 5

Type 1 Diabetes

• Autoimmune disease, the destruction of the _____ cells that help produce _____
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• _____ loss
• Fatigue
• Blurred _____
• Fasting blood test is > __ mmol/L
• HbA1c blood test at > __%

Answer 5

Type 1 Diabetes

• Autoimmune disease, the destruction of the pancreas cells that help produce insulin
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Fasting blood test is > 7.0 mmol/L
• HbA1c blood test at > 6.5%

Question 6

Coeliac Disease

• Hereditary disorder, associated with malabsorption and gluten sensitivity
• Due to changes in the lining of the small intestines, there is reduce absorption of nutrition from food
• Gene testing for HLA-__ and HLA-__

Answer 6

Coeliac Disease

• Hereditary disorder, associated with malabsorption and gluten sensitivity
• Due to changes in the lining of the small intestines, there is reduce absorption of nutrition from food
• Gene testing for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8

Question 7

Coeliac Disease

• Fatigue
• Weakness
• ____ loss
• Diarrhoea
• Constipation
• _____ and bloating

Answer 7

Coeliac Disease

• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Weight loss
• Diarrhoea
• Constipation
• Flatulence and bloating

Question 8

Fatty Liver Disease

• Abnormal build up of fat in _____
• Caused by _____ and _____
• Dyslipidaemia
• Starvation (_____ drops)
• Hypertension
• _____ use

Answer 8

Fatty Liver Disease

• Abnormal build up of fat in hepatocytes
• Caused by diabetes and obesity
• Dyslipidaemia
• Starvation (protein drops)
• Hypertension
• Drug use

Question 9

Fatty Liver Disease

• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is common and may progress to _____
• Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), it is uncommon and can cause hepatocellular _____

Answer 9

Fatty Liver Disease

• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), it is common and may progress to cirrhosis
• Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), it is uncommon and can cause hepatocellular carcinoma