GastroIntestinal Drugs

Question 1

Proton pump inhibitors

EXAMPLES

Answer 1

● Omeprazole
● Esomeprazole
● Dexlansoprazole
● Lansoprazole

Question 2

● Omeprazole
● Esomeprazole
● Dexlansoprazole
● Lansoprazole

MOA

Answer 2

● Irreversible blockage of H+/K+ ATPase in active gastric parietal cells

Question 3

● Omeprazole
● Esomeprazole
● Dexlansoprazole
● Lansoprazole

USES

Answer 3

● acid production
● H. pylori
● healing ulcers
● GERD
● erosive esophagitis
● active duodenal ulcer
● pathologic hypersecretory conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Question 4

● Omeprazole
● Esomeprazole
● Dexlansoprazole
● Lansoprazole

SIDE EFFECTS

Answer 4

● Omeprazole and esomeprazole may decrease the effectiveness of clopidogrel because they inhibit CYP2C19 and prevent the conversion of clopidogrel to its active metabolite.
● increase the risk of fractures
● low vitamin B12
● impaired the absorption of calcium carbonate
● Diarrhea
● Clostridium difficile colitis
● Hypomagnesemia
● increased incidence of pneumonia.
● headache

Question 5

H2 receptor antagonist: EXAMPLES

Answer 5

Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitidine

Question 6

Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitidine

MOA

Answer 6

● The histamine H2 receptor antagonists act selectively on H2 receptors in the stomach, without effects on H1 receptors.

● They are competitive antagonists of histamine and are fully reversible.

Question 7

Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitidine

USES

Answer 7

● Peptic ulcers
● Acute stress ulcers
● Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 8

Cimetidine
Famotidine
Nizatidine
Ranitidine

SIDE EFFECTS

Answer 8

● gynecomastia and galactorrhea (by cimetidine )
● confusion
● altered mentation
● interfere with the metabolism of many drugs (such as warfarin, phenytoin, and
clopidogrel)

Question 9

What are Antacids/ Antacids MOA

Answer 9

Antacids are weak bases that react with gastric acid to form water and a salt to diminish gastric acidity.

● Because pepsin (a proteolytic enzyme) is inactive at a pH greater than 4, antacids also reduce pepsin activity

Question 10

Antacids USES

Answer 10

● peptic ulcer disease
● Heartburn
● GERD

Question 11

Antacids SIDE EFFECTS

Answer 11

● Constipation
● Diarrhea
● renal impairment

Question 12

Sucralfate MOA

Answer 12

● This complex binds to positively charged groups in proteins of both normal and necrotic mucosa.
● By forming complex gels with epithelial cells, sucralfate [soo-KRAL-fate] creates a physical barrier that protects the ulcer from pepsin and acid, allowing the ulcer to heal.
● Used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers and prevention of stress ulcers
● sucralfate should not be administered with PPIs, H2 antagonists, or antacids.
● Drug interference