Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmocology HSC 116 > Gastrointestinal Pharmacotherapy > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Pharmacotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what peptic ulcer disease is.

A

A group of upper gastrointestinal disorders characterized by varying degrees of erosion of the gut wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two classifications of ulcers?

A

classified by location

gastric
duodenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

a sore in the lining of the stomach or intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What substances in the body cause the damage?

A

HCL and pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main causes of ulcers and there percent ratio of cases?

A

95% helicobactor pylori bacteria, NSAIDS

5% benign pancreatic tumor secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain how ulcers are caused by helicobactor pylori.

A

in response to the infection:

  • gastrin secreted by G-cells
  • stimulates excess acid production to destroy it
  • continued excess causes tissue dmg and ulceration

in some cases chronic inflammation develops, leading to atrophy of wall and occasionally malignant outgrowths (dmg to cell DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of an ulcer?

A
  • gnawing, burning pain in the upper abdomen
  • freq occur several hrs after meal, when food leaves stomach, but acid production is still high
  • can occur at night and wake pt
  • instead of pain, can experience intense hunger or bloating. antacids and milk provide temp relief
  • other pts have no pain but black stools indicating bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is peptic ulcer disease diagnosed?

A

by data from medical hx

should be confirmed by endoscopy (can get sample) or barium x-ray

can test for h. pylori by blood, breath, or stool test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the types of cells found in the gastric/fundic glands and what are found in the pyloric glands.

A

gastric/fundic
parietal - hcl and intrinsic
mucoid - mucous
chief - pepsinogen

pyloric:
mucoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the 5 drugs used to treat peptic ulcer disease.

A
  • Antacids (neutralize acid)
  • H2 blockers (block histamine from mast cells which trigger gastrin secretion)
  • proton pump inhibitors (inhibit secretion of H+)
  • cytoprotective agents (boost mucous production)
  • H. pylori treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the 5 antacid drugs in the antacid family.

A

Na - BICARBONATE
(Alka-Seltzer)

Ca - CARBONATE
(turns)

Mg - HYDROXIDE
(milk of magnesia)

Al - HYDROXIDE
(amphojel)

COMBINATION
(Maalox, Mylanta, novaluzid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do antacids work to treat ulcers?

A

neutralize stomach acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are two the common AE of antacids?

A

HYPOKALEMIA

prevent absorption of tetracycline (an antibiotic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When are antacids used?

A
  • heartburn
  • hyperacidity
  • gastritis
  • peptic ulcer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the AE of Na-bicarbonate based antacids?

A

metabolic alkalosis (becomes alkaline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the adverse effects of Ca-carbonate antacids?

A

hypercalcemia

rebound acid increase

17
Q

What is the AE of Mg-hydroxide antacids?

A

diarrhea

18
Q

What ire the AE of aluminum hydroxides?

A

constipation

hypophosphatemia

19
Q

List the four H2R blockers (H2RA)

A

cimetidine

famotidine

nizatidine

ranitidine

20
Q

What do H2RAs do?

A

block H2 receptors (binding sites for histamines) which inhibits histamine stimulated acid secretion

21
Q

What are H2RAs used to treat?

A

peptic ulcer, gastritis, GERD

22
Q

What are the AE of cimetidine?

A

anti androgenic

confusion (esp in elderly)

23
Q

List the 5 PPI drugs

A

Omeprazole

Lansoprazole

Esomeprazole

Rabeprazole

Pantoprazole

24
Q

How do PPI drugs act?

A

inhibit the proton pump which is the parietal cells method for ejecting H+ into the stomach

25
Q

What are PPI drugs used for?

A

peptic ulcer, gastritis, GERD

26
Q

What are the 3 miscellaneous drugs used to treat ulcers?

A

Sucralfate

Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)

Misoprostrol

27
Q

describe sucralfate’s mechanism of action, what it treats, and its side effects.

A 
M OF A:
forms polymers (foams) in acidic env. to coat and protect ulcer

USED FOR:
peptic ulcer disease
ulcer prophylaxis (stress ulcer)

AE:
drowsiness, constipation

28
Q

describe bismuth subsalicylate’s M of A, indications, and AE.

A

M of A:
coats esophagus and acts as barrier to acid

Indication:
PUD (peptic ulcer disease), GERD

AE:
nausea, diarrhea, black tongue

29
Q

What are the AE of PPIs?

A

nausea
diarrhea
colic belching

30
Q

describe misoprostol’s M of A, indications, and AE

A

M of A:
inc mucous production

Indications:
prevent NSAID-induced peptic ulcers

AE:
diarrhea, stimulates uterus contraction

31
Q

What are the two antibiotics used to treat H pylori?

A

tetracycline and metronidazole

Pharmocology HSC 116 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions