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Health Science (ANAPHY) > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

Two main groups of the digestive system

A

Alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs

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2
Q

What is the alimentary canal also called?

A

Gastrointestinal tract or gut

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3
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

A continuous, coiled hollow muscular tube that winds through the ventral body cavity from stomach to anus.

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4
Q

Organs of the alimentary canal

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

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5
Q

Which opening does the large intestine lead to?

A

Terminal opening or anus 

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6
Q

In a cadaver, the alimentary canal is approximately how many meters or feet long?

A

9 m or 30 feet long

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7
Q

A part of the mouse that protects the anterior opening.

A

Lips or labia

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8
Q

The lateral walls of the mouth.

A

Cheeks

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9
Q

Anterior roof of the mouth

A

Hard palate

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10
Q

Posterior roof of the mouth

A

Soft palate

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11
Q

Fleshy finger like projection of the soft palate

A

Uvula

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12
Q

Space between lips and cheeks externally, and the teeth and gums internally

A

Vestibule 

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13
Q

Area contained by the teeth

A

Oral cavity proper

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14
Q

Occupies the floor of the mouth and has several bony attachments

A

Muscular tongue

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15
Q

Fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

Lingual frenulum

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16
Q

Name the three parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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17
Q

The two skeletal muscle layers of the pharynx

A

Inner layer cells and outer layer cells

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18
Q

It runs from the pharynx to the diaphragm to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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19
Q

What is peristalsis

A

A propelling mechanism

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20
Q

What are the four basic tissue layers that make up the walls of the alimentary canal organs?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa

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21
Q

It is the innermost layer of the four basic tissue layers

A

Mucosa

22
Q

What does the mucosa consist primarily of?

A

A surface epithelium, a small amount of connective tissue (lamina propria), and a scanty smooth muscle layer

23
Q

What kind of tissue is the esophagus made of?

A

Friction resisting stratified squamous epithelium

24
Q

A soft, connective tissue layer beneath the mucosa

A

Submucosa

25
Q

The muscle layer of the esophagus and is made up of an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells

A

Muscularis externa

26
Q

The outer most layer of wall that consists of a single layer of visceral peritoneum

A

Serosa

27
Q

This a flat serus fluid producing cell

A

Visceral peritoneum 

28
Q

Where is the stomach located

A

Left side of abdominal cavity, and is nearly hidden by liver and diaphragm

29
Q

The stomach varies from ______ in length

A

15 to 25 cm or 6 to 10 inches

30
Q

When full the stomach can hold up to how many liters

A

4 L or 1 gallon 

31
Q

Rugae happens when the mucosa is thrown into large folds when an empty stomach collapses inward on itself. What does rugae mean?

A

Wrinkle or fold

32
Q

Is the region of the stomach surrounding cardioesophageal sphincter

A

Cardial region or Cardia

33
Q

It is the expanded part of the stomach and is lateral to the cardial region

A

Fundus

34
Q

The middle portion region of the stomach

A

Body

35
Q

Is the funnel shaped terminal part of the stomach that is continuous with the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter or valve

A

Pylorus

36
Q

It protects the stomach wall from being damaged by acid and digested by enzymes.

A

Bicarbonate-rich alkaline mucus

37
Q

What is the substance produced by stomach cells that are needed for absorption of vitamin B 12 from the small intestine

A

Intrinsic factor

38
Q

Cells that produce protein digesting enzymes

A

Chief cells

39
Q

Cells that produce corrosive hydrochloric acid and makes the stomach contents acidic 

A

Parietal cells 

40
Q

Cells in the stomach that produce a thin acidic mucus

A

Mucous neck cells

41
Q

Cells that produce local hormones, such as gastrin

A

Enteroendocrine cells

42
Q

Where in the stomach does the most digestive activity occur?

A

Pyloric region 

43
Q

Result after food has been processed in the stomach

A

Chyme

44
Q

The chime enters the small intestine through the _______

A

Pyloric sphincter

45
Q

What covers the abdominal organs like a lacy apron?

A

Greater omentum

46
Q

What Is the body’s major digestive organ?

A

Small intestine 

47
Q

The small intestine extends from the _____ to the _____.

A

Pyloric sphincter to the large intestine 

48
Q

The average length of the longest section of the alimentary tube

A

2 to 4 m or 7 to 13 feet 

49
Q

The small intestine is suspended from the posterior abdominal wall, except the

A

Duodenum or the initial part 

50
Q

Three subdivisions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum and ileum 

51
Q

What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine? 

A

 Duodenum jejunum and ileum

Health Science (ANAPHY) (6 decks)

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