Gastrointestinal system Flashcards
(23 cards)
Which vertebrae contribute to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
The five lumbar vertebrae
Anterior, lateral and posterior walls of abdomen are composed of
skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscles and their associated aponeuroses (flat tendons)
Functions of the abdominal wall
protect the abdominal viscera, maintain posture and move trunk and increase intra-abdominal pressure (for defecation and childbirth)
Internal aspect of abdominal wall is lined with a serous membrane called
parietal peritoneum
Several bony landmarks define the boundaries of the abdominal cavity
Xiphisternum
Costal margin
Iliac crests
Anterior superior iliac spines (ASIS)
Pubic tubercles
Pubic symphysis (a fibrocartilaginous joint)
The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of
splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein and superior mesenteric vein
Hepatocystic triangle
Calot’s triangle
Structures that pass through the porta hepatis
Portal vein, hepatic ducts, hepatic arteries
Falciform ligament
Ligamentum teres
Umbilical vein
Lobes of the liver
Left, right, caudate and quadrate
Segments in the liver
8 segments
Ductus venosus
is a shunt that allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver in fetal circulation
Guarding
Indicated by tenderness upon contact, where muscles try to protect (by tensing) against the pressure due to contact also shown by pain or discomfort
hepatopancreatic ampulla
also known as Ampulla of Vater, a spherical structure located at the site of the confluence of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct, marking the entry point of bile into the second portion of the duodenum.
porta hepatis
hilum of the liver, deep, short, transverse fissure that passes across the left posterior aspect of the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver
How can pain in the right shoulder be an indication of GI problem?
If gallbladder rubs against diaphragm, pain from diaphragm is felt in right shoulder tip and down lateral part of arm (deltoid). This is because of
where does the aorta bifurcate
The aortic bifurcation is the point at which the abdominal aorta bifurcates into the left and right common iliac arteries. The aortic bifurcation is usually seen at the level of L4, just above the junction of the left and right common iliac veins.
Gallbladder innervation
Para - Vagus
Symp - Coeliac Plexus (greater splanchnic nerve (T5,6,7,8,9)
Pain from gallbladder will be felt where
Epigastrium
Hepatic portal vein
Drains all of the bowel (divides into secondary capillary bed), brings nutrients for processing (except fats)
