Gastrointestinal System

Question 1

GI functions

Answer 1

• provide nutrients for the body with propulsive and mixing movements
• secretions of digestive juices
• absorption of nutrients

Question 2

Esophagus

Answer 2

Tube shaped muscular conduit for food and fluids that connects the throat to the stomach

Question 3

Movement through the esophagus is facilitated by

Answer 3

• secretion of mucus
• very strong movement to propel food towards the stomach

Question 4

What are the esophageal sphincters

Answer 4

Upper and lower

Question 5

What does the upper esophageal sphincter do?

Answer 5

Prevents food and fluids from being aspirated into the lungs

Question 6

What does the lower esophageal sphincter do?

Answer 6

Also called the cardiac sphincter
- separates the esophagus from the stomach
- prevents acidic contents of the stomach from entering back into the esophagus

Question 7

What is the stomach

Answer 7

Elastic reservoir for food, mixing and initial digestions of proteins

Question 8

What is the capacity of the stomach

Answer 8

1000-1500 ml

Question 9

What type of cells are in the stomach

Answer 9

Columnar epithelial with gastric glands

Question 10

What types of cells are in stomach glands

Answer 10

Ones that secrete HCl, intrinsic factors, gastrin

Question 11

What are the layer of stomach

Answer 11

Mucosa layer
Two muscle layers
Serosa

Question 12

What cells are in the stomach’s mucosa layer

Answer 12

G-cells, parietal, chief, epithelial, blood vessels

Question 13

What is the role of the muscle layers of the stomach

Answer 13

Help propel food from stomach to small intestine

Question 14

What is the serosa of the stomach

Answer 14

Outer layer that covers the inner layers

Question 15

What is a g cell

Answer 15

Produces gastrin

Question 16

What is gastrin

Answer 16

A hormone that facilitates production of HCl

Question 17

What is a parietal cell

Answer 17

Produces HCl

Question 18

What does HCl do

Answer 18

Helps break down food

Question 19

What is a chief cell

Answer 19

Secretes pepsin

Question 20

What is the function of the epithelial cells of stomach

Answer 20

Secrete bicarbonate rich solution to coat and protect the mucosa

Question 21

What are the sections of the small intestine

Answer 21

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 22

What is a plicae circulares

Answer 22

Circular folds of a mucus membrane of the inner wall

Question 23

What are intestinal villi

Answer 23

Finger like projections on the permanent ridges called plicae circulares

Question 24

What are microvilli

Answer 24

Microscopic projections that like the villi

Question 25

What is the point of villi and microvilli

Answer 25

Inc surface area 600x for digestion

Question 26

What is a crypt of liberkuhn

Answer 26

Intestinal glands that secrete 2 L of fluid/day into lumen of intestines
- fluid quickly reabsorbed by villi

Question 27

What are goblet cells and Bruner glands

Answer 27

Secrete large amounts of mucus to protect the small intestine from damage of acidic gastric juices

Question 28

What cells have the fastest turnover rate

Answer 28

Small intestines of 48-72 hrs

Question 29

What is the ileocecal sphincter

Answer 29

Sphincter of the small intestine that allows food to pass from small to large intestine

Question 30

What allows contents to enter the large intestine

Answer 30

Distinction of the terminal ileum causes relaxation

Question 31

What does the distention of cecum prevent

Answer 31

Reflux back into the ileum

Question 32

What is the large intestine

Answer 32

1.5 meter long muscular tube composed of absorptive cells that absorb water and electrolytes

Question 33

What are the sections of the large intestine

Answer 33

Appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum