Gastrointestinal (TCM Review handout Full) Flashcards

Question

Hypoglycemia ( blood glucose less than 70/ 3.9)

Answer 1

S/S: Sweating, nausea, warmth, anxiety, tremulousness, palpitations, hunger, headache, blurred or double vision, confusion, seizures, decrease in body temperature Treatment: Glucagon Lab Tests: Fasting glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide

Answer 2

Before meals: less than 100 mg/dl (5.5 mmol/l) non diabetics and 80–130 mg/dl (4.4-7.2 mmol/l) for diabetics 1–2 hours after the start of a meal: less than 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/l) for non diabetics and less than 180 mg/dl (10 mmol/l) for diabetics

Answer 3

Lower esophageal sphincter reflux, burning pain and stricture

Answer 4

Over expansion of the digestive system due to bacteria, virus or micro trauma of the esophagus from stomach acids

Answer 5

Pain, nausea, fullness, bleeding, due to NSAIDs or ethanol, or smoking; proton pump inhibitors can be a cause as well as a temporary cure

Answer 6

Common in Hispanic and African Americans due to H. Pylori weakening the stomach lining. Can either be gastric or duodenal.

Answer 7

Occurs in the stomach leading to bleeding ulcers: refer to physician ASAP

Answer 8

Mostly caused by H.Pylori or NSAIDs, smoking prevents healing; more consistent pain which usually awakens patient at night

Answer 9

Candida Albicans (fungus) possibly from immune compromised persons or people on aggressive antibiotic therapy or steroid (asthma) use: treat with anti-fungals

Answer 10

Bad breath coming from the stomach

Answer 11

Indigestion, anorexia, abdominal pain and weight loss; often metastasizes to the lymph, liver, peritoneum, chest and brain: refer to physician STAT

Answer 12

Black tarry stool due to long-term stomach or duodenum bleeding

Answer 13

4th most common childhood gastroenteritis disease: DNA virus

Answer 14

Bacterial diarrhea due to under cooked poultry, milk, eggs or contact with reptiles (fecal oral route)

Answer 15

Third most common bacterial diarrhea in U.S. transmitted person to person

Answer 16

Blood in diarrhea from undercooked beef, unpasteurized milk, juice and canning; may also have watery diarrhea; found commonly in nurseries: bacteria

Answer 17

Diarrhea caused by undercooked seafood: bacteria

Answer 18

Food born and usually found in cheese: bacteria

Answer 19

Red Flag if patient is on opioids

Answer 20

Upper abdominal distention with postprandial fullness that is gnawing or burning; epigastric pain with nausea and vomiting Tx: H2 blockers, Proton pump inhibitors

Answer 21

``` Nucleic Acid: RNA Serologic test: IgM Anti-HA Major transmission: Fecal-oral CNT Incubation: 15-50 with AVG: 28 Incubation period days: 15-45 Liver Cancer: No ```

Answer 22

``` Nucleic Acid: DNA Serologic test: HBsAG Major transmission: Blood CNT Incubation: 45-160 Incubation period days: 40-180 Liver Cancer: Yes ```

Answer 23

``` Nucleic Acid: RNA Serologic test: Anti-HCV Major transmission: Blood CNT Incubation: 14-180 Avg. 5-10 weeks Incubation period days: 20-120 Liver Cancer: Yes ```

Answer 24

``` Nucleic Acid: Unknown Serologic test: Anti-HCD Major transmission: Needle CNT Incubation: unknown Incubation period days: 30-180 Liver Cancer: Yes ```

Answer 25

``` Nucleic Acid: RNA Serologic test: Anti-HCE Major transmission: WATER CNT Incubation: 15-60 Incubation period days: 14-60 avg 40 Liver Cancer: No ```

Answer 26

Hepatitis B

Answer 27

Hepatitis A

Answer 28

Hepatitis C

Answer 29

Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, clay colored bowel movement, joint pain, jaundice

Answer 30

Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, clay colored bowl movement, joint pain, jaundice

Answer 31

Fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, clay colored bowel movement, joint pain, jaundice

Answer 32

Occurs as a complication to Cholelithiasis. Can be Uncomplicated with no S/S. Can also be complicated S/S: Localized pain RUQ with rebound and guarding tenderness; positive Murphy sign, frequent fever, absence of peritoneal signs, tachycardia, diaphoresis, may have hypoactive bowel signs. Misdiagnosed with: Pancreatitis; CBC, Liver function panel, amylase, lipase

Answer 33

Symptoms occur when there is stones present. S/S: Sporadic, unpredictable usually with pain in the epigastrium or RUQ, sometimes radiating to the right scapular tip. Pain is post prandial with an intense or dull pain lasting 1-5 hours which progresses for 10-20 minutes then goes away. Pain is constant, not relieved with emesis, defecation, flatus, positional changes or antacids. Additional symptoms: Indigestion, dyspepsia, belching, bloating. CBC, Liver function panel, amylase, lipase

Answer 34

Small intestine is involved in 80% of cases (esophagus to anus can also be affected) Colon involvement is usually right sided, usually feels like appendicitis 75-85% of cases can have rectal bleeding; fistula and abscesses are common; 25-35% of cases have perianal lesions. TRANSMURAL Asymmetrical and segmental (skip areas) on X-ray Endoscopy appearance is patchy with normal mucosa

Answer 35

Disease is in the colon only; Superficial lesions, primarily in the descending section. Involvement is usually left sided. Rectal bleeding is always present; fistulas do not occur; no perianal lesions. Symmetrical and uninterrupted bowel wall Inflammation is uniform and diffuse

Answer 36

LRQ pain that can lead to peritonitis. McBurney’s point: pressing on LRQ with rebound tenderness Rovsing’s sign: press on LLQ causing more pain on LRQ Appendectomy

Answer 37

Small pouches bulging outward through weak spots in large intestine; asymptomatic until inflamed; patient usually has low fiber diet; caused by heavy pressing due to constipation. Barium enema or colonoscopy. High fiber diet, angiographic or endoscopic treatment of bleeding: avoid seeds and antispasmotics.

Answer 38

Inflamed Diverticuli due to low fiber diet. Abdominal CT, colonoscopy. Liquid diet, oral antibiotics; severe cases require IV antibiotics or surgery

Answer 39

Extensive inflammation and ulceration (superficial) of large intestine, bloody diarrhea (a bit more acute) , cramping pain. Dx: Tx:

Answer 40

Usually due to stress however etiology unknown; gas, bloating, cramping, bowel changes, constipation or diarrhea (See Crohn’s and UC) add: eye discomfort, extreme fatigue, joint pain, rectal bleeding. Counseling, normal diet, avoid gas-producing foods, diarrhea producing foods, increase fiber for constipation, loperamide for diarrhea, tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 41

Viral: most common cause of diarrhea in children and day care workers in America; can lead to dehydration due to watery diarrhea for 3-8 days Toys, bathroom fixtures, changing tables, diaper pails, public swimming pools Thoroughly wash hands and surfaces after changing diapers, refrain from going to pools when child has had diarrhea within the last 14 days

Answer 42

Parasite: very common; found in day care centers, international travelers, hikers, unfiltered or untreated water; spreads community wide Uncooked food that has been contaminated, swallowing water from pools, water exposed to wildlife, day care facilities, toys Wash foods properly, avoid consuming unfiltered water, (boil water if needed), refrain from using swimming pools for 14 days following a child who’s been diagnosed with giardia

Answer 43

Parasite: water borne and resistant to chlorine Treatment Appendectomy Pool water; can be found in day care settings Avoid contaminated fruit or vegetables, drinking water from lakes or ponds, swimming in pools where children have had diarrhea within 14 days; this parasite can live in highly chlorinated water for several days

Answer 44

All ages will have intestinal obstruction manifested by cramping, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Acute cases will have abdominal pain either below or to the left of the umbilicus often accompanied by vomiting and are similar to appendicitis. FTests: H/H, Stool Smear, CT Scan, Trechnetium scan. Complications: Excess bleeding, intessuception, peritonitis, perforation refer To PCP

Answer 45

Intestinal blockage, bloating, large round worms in bowel movements, vomiting or crawling from nose. Unwashed raw foods, soil with eggs or water contaminated from pig feces; migrates through blood, lungs and then intestines. Small intestine is mostly affected Tx: antihelminics

Answer 46

Loss of appetite, loss of weight, abdominal distention, anemia, intestinal bleeding. Contaminated soil, water contamination, unwashed raw foods. Infests biliary tract, pancreas Tx: corticosteroids and antihelminics

Answer 47

Very common in schools and daycare centers and passed on to people in one household: itchy perineum is the most common symptom. Very common in day care centers, anus to mouth transmission and then spreads from clothing, bedding, furniture. Affects lower intestine Tx: antihelminics

Answer 48

Abdominal distention, pain, diarrhea, malnutrition, Weight Loss. Can develop large cysts in the liver and lungs, usually found in contaminated soil or fish, poor sanitation; may have no symptoms for months to years. Can develop large cysts in the liver and lungs, usually found in contaminated soil or fish, poor sanitation; may have no symptoms for months to years

Answer 49

Stomach pain, extreme fatigue, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache, chills, swelling of the eyes, cough, muscle aches, may have constipation, heart palpitations, dyspnea. Mimics Syphillis. Large intestine is primarily affected; also affects muscles, brain and other organs Tx: antihelminics

Answer 50

McBurney’s Point: Appendicitis, look for rebound tenderness. Murphy’s Sign: Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis Obturator Muscle Test: Rule out appendicitis Psoas Sign: Rule out appendicitis Rovsing’s Sign: Rule out appendicitis

Gastrointestinal (TCM Review handout Full) Flashcards

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