Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

How long is the Gastrointestinal Tract?

Answer 1

4.75m

Question 2

Name the 4 Accessory organs

Answer 2

Tongue & teeth
Salivary glands
Hepatobiliary system (Liver, Biliary system)
Pancreas

Question 3

Name the 3 Salvitory glands

Answer 3

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 4

What does the word ‘Enteric’ relate to?

Answer 4

Relating to or occurring in the intestines

Question 5

Name the 4 layers of the bowel?

Answer 5

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscle layer (Muscularis)
Serosa (Outer layer)

Question 6

What layer of the bowel wall do you see on a radiograph?

Answer 6

Mucosa

Question 7

What’s the other name for chewing?

Answer 7

Mastication

Question 8

What’s the other name for swallowing?

Answer 8

Deglutition

Question 9

What layer of the Oesophagus allows for peristalsis?

Answer 9

Muscularis

Question 10

What is Peristalsis?

Answer 10

Involuntary waves of muscle contractions within the GI tract to move a bolus (food) through the body.

Question 11

What part of the Pharynx extends from the Uvula to the epiglottis?

Answer 11

Oropharynx

Question 12

What part of the Pharynx is above and behind the soft palate and uvula?

Answer 12

Nasopharynx

Question 13

What part of the Pharynx extends from the Epiglottis to the Trachea?

Answer 13

Laryngopharynx

Question 14

What’s another name for the laryngopharynx?

Answer 14

Hypopharynx

Question 15

What’s the Pyriform?

Answer 15

The pyriform recesses of the Larynx are located either side of the Larynx.

Question 16

Where does the Hemi-azygos vein drain?

Answer 16

Drains the lower half of the left thoracic wall and the left abdominal wall.

Question 17

Where does the Azygos vein drain?

Answer 17

Draining posterior thorax and abdomen

Question 18

What’s are the 3 layers of smooth muscle of the stomach?

Answer 18

Oblique (Inner layer)
Circular
Longtitudinal (Outer layer)

Question 19

What’s the name of the prominent internal longitudinal mucosal (muscular) folds of the stomach?

Answer 19

Rugae

Question 20

What side of the body (left or right) is the ‘Greater curvature’ of the stomach located?

Answer 20

Left

Question 21

What is the role of the Pyloric sphincter?

Answer 21

Controls emptying of acid chyme into duodenum

Question 22

What is the Plicae circulares?

Answer 22

Folds of mucous membrane found in the small intestine

Question 23

How does bile & pancreatic digestive juices enter the duodenum?

Answer 23

Greater duodenal papilla

Question 24

How does ONLY pancreatic digestive juices enter the duodenum?

Answer 24

Lesser duodenal papilla

Question 25

What are the 2 major functions of chyme?

Answer 25

- Increase the surface area of food to allow digestive enzymes to complete their work. - Stimulate various digestive glands to release their secretions.

Question 26

What is the job of bile?

Answer 26

Bile helps with digestion by breaking down fats into fatty acids

Question 27

What Lumen size does the duodenum have?

Answer 27

4-5cm

Question 28

What Lumen size does the Jejunum have?

Answer 28

2-3cm

Question 29

What Lumen size does the Ileum have?

Answer 29

2cm

Question 30

How long is the small intestine?

Answer 30

6m

Question 31

How long is the large intestine?

Answer 31

1.5m

Question 32

What is the Taeniae coli?

Answer 32

3 separate longitudinal ribbons (taeniae meaning ribbon in Latin) of smooth muscle on the outside of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colons.

Question 33

What is segmentation within the small intestine?

Answer 33

Mixes chyme with food

Question 34

What are Haustrations?

Answer 34

The haustra (singular haustrum) of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation (sac formation)

Question 35

How long is the Anal Canal?

Answer 35

2-3cm long

Question 36

How is Lymph drained from the small intestine?

Answer 36

Superior Mesenteric nodes

Question 37

How is Lymph drained from the large intestine?

Answer 37

Into the central nodes via the epicolic, para-colic & intermediate nodes

Question 38

Name the 3 types of lymph nodes in the large intestine?

Answer 38

Epicolic Paracolic Intermediate nodes

Question 39

What is the role of Plicae circulares?

Answer 39

To increase the surface area of the small intestine.

Question 40

Where are Plicae circulares found?

Answer 40

Small intestine, mainly in the - Duodenum Jejunum