Gastrointestinal Tract Flashcards Preview

PHYL 1010 > Gastrointestinal Tract > Flashcards

Flashcards in Gastrointestinal Tract Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is the “GI lumen”?

A

The inside of the GI tract

2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine in order?

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
3
Q

What stomach cell produces gastric acid?

A

Parietal cell

4
Q

Which organ secretes most of the digestive enzymes?

A

Pancreas

5
Q

What kind of epithelium is the lining of the mouth, esophagus and anus made of?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

6
Q

What is added in the duodenum to return neutralize?

A

Bicarbonate

7
Q

What do parietal cells respond to?

A

Histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin.

8
Q

What are the chief cells responsible for?

A

When in contact with acid, they release pepsinogen which initiates the digestion of proteins

9
Q

What do G cells secrete and what is its purpose?

A

Gastrin

- stimulates the release of gastric acid from parietal cells

10
Q

What is the only secretion from the esophagus?

A

mucus for lubrication

11
Q

What are the two main enzymes in saliva?

A

Amylase: breakdown of carbohydrates
Lipase: breakdown of fats

12
Q

What does starch, glycogen, sucrose and lactose digest into?

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

13
Q

How are proteins broken down in the stomach?

A

peptidase

14
Q

What do proteins digest into once they are broken down?

A

Amino acids

15
Q

What do triglycerides digest into and from what enzyme?

A

Lipase

- monoglycerides and fatty acids

16
Q

What is something our body cannot digest?

A

Cellulose / fibre

17
Q

What is tonic contraction?

A

Contractions maintained for a long time

  • sphincters and upper stomach
  • allows stomach to be low pressure so so contents can easily enter
18
Q

What are phasic contractions?

A

Short and rapid contractions

19
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

The circular contraction of muscles to move a food bolus towards it target

20
Q

What is segmentation?

A

The mixing and churning of food to increased surface area fro absorption

21
Q

What is cephalic phase? Is it sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

When your body is anticipating food, it begins to increase motility
- parasympathetic

22
Q

What is gastric phase?

A

Increased motility stimuli: , distension, peptides and acidity in stomach
- swallowed food begins to activate gastric activity

23
Q

What is secondary peristalsis?

A

LOCAL CONTROL:

- distension of esophagus to clear out any leftover food

24
Q

Stomach lining consists of _____ to ________.

A
  • Rugae folds

- Increase surface area

25
Q

Why is segmentation very important in the small intestine?

A
  • it mixes chyme with intestinal juices

- brings it into contact with intestinal wall for absorption

26
Q

What is MMC and what is the function?

A

Migrating motor complex

  • slow peristalsis wave that begins in stomach and ends in ileum
  • moves undigested material to large intestine
27
Q

What initiates MMC and what stops MMC?

A
  • motilin

- food