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Atlas > Gazetteer > Flashcards

Gazetteer Flashcards

1
Q

Main mountain range in Afghanistan

A

Hindu Kush

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2
Q

In the 19th century _____ and _____ struggled for the control of Afghanistan

A

Russia and Britain

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3
Q

Britain withdrew in ____, allowing Afghanistan to become fully independent

A

1919

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4
Q

Coalition Government

A

political parties cooperate to form a government
- usually because: no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election

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5
Q

By 2001, a group called the _____ controlled 90% of Afghanistan

A

The Taliban (Islamic students)

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6
Q

Why did an international force invade Afghanistan in 2001

A

Taliban refused to hand over Osama bin Laden (al Qaida terrorist leader)

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7
Q

Taliban vs Al Qaida

A

Al-Qaeda fighters
- mostly urban, little religious training, wage international jihad (fight against the enemies of Islam)
- global objectives

The Taliban
- mostly from the countryside
- leaders have more religious training
- mostly local objectives (just want to take Afghanistan back)

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8
Q

Nearly 70% of the people in ______ are farmers or nomadic herders

A

Afghanistan

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9
Q

Government type of Afghanistan

A

Islamic Republic

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10
Q

Pashtun (45%), Tajik (25%), Hazara, Uzbek are all ethnic groups of _______

A

Afghanistan

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11
Q

Languages of Afghanistan

A

Pashtu, Dari/Persion, Uzbek

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12
Q

Religions of Afghanistan

A

Islam (mostly Sunni Muslim)

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13
Q

Sunni vs shia muslim

A

Their beliefs over who should have succeeded the Prophet Muhammad is the key theological difference between the two
- Shiites give human beings the exalted status that is given only to prophets in the Quran (sunnis do not)
- Shias believe Ali and his descendants are part of a divine order

  • Sunni are opposed to political succession based on Mohammed’s bloodline
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14
Q

Currency of Afghanistan

A

Afghani

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15
Q

1 Afghani = 100 ____

A

puls

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16
Q

the balkans contains

A
  1. Greece
  2. Albania
  3. North Macedonia
  4. Bulgaria
  5. Romania
  6. Kosovo
  7. montenegro
  8. serbia
  9. croatia
  10. bosnia herzegovina
  11. sloevnia
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17
Q

Albania faces the _____ sea

A

adriatic

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18
Q

70% of albanian land ______

A

montanious

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19
Q

Until the early 1991 Albania was a ________ country

A

communist
- post this there’s been a shift to democratic

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20
Q

Governement type (Albania)

A

Multiparty republic

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21
Q

Republic

A

state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives - elected or nominated president/prime minister rather than a monarch

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22
Q

Ethnic groups of Afghanistan

A

Albanian (95%), Greek, Macedonian

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23
Q

Languages of Albania

A

Albanian

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24
Q

Religions of Albania

A

70% follow Islam
30% follow Christianity

many say they are non-believers or “of the believers”

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25
Q

In Albania 1 ____ = 100 Qindars

A

Lek

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26
Q

____ is Africa’s largest country

A

Algeria

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27
Q

Most Algerians live in the ______

A

North (fertile coastal plains/hill country bordering the sea)

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28
Q

The north of Algeria borders the _______ sea

A

Mediterranean

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29
Q

80% of ______ is in the Sahara desert

A

Algeria

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30
Q

France rule Algeria from 1830 - ______

A

1962

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31
Q

Population of Afghanistan

A

40 million

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32
Q

Population of Albania

A

~3 million

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33
Q

What country experienced “The Black Decade”. What was the black decade

A

Algeria

During the 1990s the government (National Liberation Front FLN) fought a brutal civil war against an Islamist insurgency (Islamic Salvation Front FIS) that it eventually won
200,000 civilians killed

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34
Q

2 chief resources of Algeria

A

Oil and natural gas
- think: 80% of country is covered by desert
- it accounts for more than 90% of exports

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35
Q

Population of algeria

A

45 million

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36
Q

Government type (Algeria)

A

Socialist Republic
- its a multiparty state

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37
Q

Arab-Berber is the primary ethnic group of _____

A

Algeria

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38
Q

Primary religion of Algeria

A

Sunni Muslim

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39
Q

Algerian ____ = 100 centimes

A

Dinar

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40
Q

2 languages spoken in Algeria

A

Arabic and Berber

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41
Q

Andorra is situated in the ______ mountains

A

Pyrenees

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42
Q

Government type (Andorra)

A

Co-principality
- meaning there are 2 co-princes of Andorra who are jointly the heads of state

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43
Q

Andorra population

A

~80 000

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44
Q

Angola has a _____ climate

A

Tropical
- dry coast

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45
Q

Angola became independent from Portugal in ____

A

1975 (after which rival nationalist groups struggled for power until 2002)
- successful parliamentary elections were held in 2008
- portugal controlled the coastal slave trade

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46
Q

____% of people in Angola are poor farmers

A

70
- cassava and maize primary food crops

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47
Q

Population of Angola

A

35 milllion

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48
Q

Government type: Angola

A

Multiparty republic

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49
Q

Official language of Angola

A

Portuguese

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50
Q

3 Religions of Angola

A

Traditional beliefs 50%
- ie. avoiding the sun or moon at certain times or wearing charms
Roman Catholic 40%
Protestant 15%

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51
Q

In Angola, 1 ____ = 100 Lwei

A

Kwanza

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52
Q

Antigua & Barbuda became independent from Britain in ___

A

1981

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53
Q

_____ is the main industry is Antigua and Barbuda

A

Tourism

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54
Q

Mountain range in Argentina

A

Andes

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55
Q

Highest peak in the Americas (hint found in Argentina)

A

Mount Aconcagua

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56
Q

Andes Mountains overlook _____ in southern Argentina

A

Patagonia (largely desert)

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57
Q

____ took control of Argentina in the 16th century and ruled until ____

A

Spain; 1816

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58
Q

Main resource of Argentina

A

Oil

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59
Q

Falklands Conflict was a short undeclared war between Argentina and ______ over the sovereignty of the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. The conflict lasted 74 days and cost over 900 lives.

A

Britain

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60
Q

About ___% of people in Argentina live in urban areas

A

90%

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61
Q

Argentina Population

A

45 million

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62
Q

Government type: Argentina

A

Federal Republic
- a federation of states with a republican form of government

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63
Q

Ethnic groups of Argentina

A

European 97%

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64
Q

Offical language of Argentina

A

Spanish

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65
Q

Primary Argentina Religion

A

Roman Catholic

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66
Q

1 Argentine _____ = 10 000 Australs

A

Peso

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67
Q

______: Alliance between Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay aimed at creating a common market, set up in _____

A

Mercosur; 1991

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68
Q

Within the Soviet Union, Armenia, along with Georgia and Azerbaijan became part of the ________ republic in ______
- this was set up by communists (so the 3 countries were under Russian control)

A

Transcaucasian Republic; 1922

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69
Q

Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan became separate Soviet Socialist republics in ____

A

1936

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70
Q

When did Armenia become an independent republic

A

in 1991 after the breakup of the Soviet Union

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71
Q

Fighting broke out over Nogorno-Karabakh between ____ and ____

A

Armenia and Azerbaijan
- (an area enclosed by Azerbaijan in which most people are Armenians)
- concluded in Armenia taking control of about 20% of Azerbaijan’s land area

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72
Q

Population of Armenia

A

~3 million

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73
Q

Government type: Armenia

A

Multiparty Republic

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74
Q

Primary Armenia ethnic groups

A

Armenian 93% and Russian 2%

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75
Q

Official Language of Armenia

A

Armenian

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76
Q

Primary religion in Armenia

A

Amernian Apostolic

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77
Q

In Armenia 1 _____ = 100 Couma

A

Dram

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78
Q

person identified with the country of Argentina

A

Argentine

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79
Q

person identified with the country of Afghanistan

A

Afghan
- use of Afghani in this meaning is considered to be incorrect and is sometimes perceived as offensive.

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80
Q

person identified with the country of Albania

A

Albanian

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81
Q

person identified with the country of Algeria

A

Algerian

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82
Q

person identified with the country of Angola

A

Angolan

83
Q

person identified with the country of Antigua and Barbuda

A

Antiguan

84
Q

person identified with the country of Armenia

A

Armenian

85
Q

_____ is the flattest Continent

A

Australia

86
Q

Population of Australia

A

~25 million

87
Q

Government type: Australia

A

Federal Constitutional Monarchy
- monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions
- monarchs are bound to exercise powers and authorities within limits prescribed by an established legal framework

88
Q

Ethnic groups of Australia

A

Caucasian 92
Asian 7
Aboriginal 1

89
Q

Religions of Australia

A

Roman catholic and Anglican 26 each
other christian 24

90
Q

1 Australian Dollar = 100 _____

A

cents

91
Q

_______ Austria contains ranges of the Alps

A

Southern

92
Q

The monarchy of Austria-_______ collapsed in 1918

A

Hungary

93
Q

______ was taken over by Germany in ______

A

Austria; 1938

94
Q

Austria joined in the European Union in ____

A

1995

95
Q

one of the most important industrial sectors in Austria

A

Steel/metal manufacturing

96
Q

Government type: Austria

A

Federal Republic
- a lot of coalition governments formed

97
Q

Ethnic groups: Austria

A

Austrian 90
Croation, Slovene

98
Q

Official langue of Austria

A

German

99
Q

Primary religion of Austria

A

Roman Catholic 78

100
Q

Currency of Austria

A

Euro

101
Q

the ______ sea is on the ____ coast of Azerbaijan

A

Caspian

102
Q

In Azerbaijan, the _____ mountains border Russia in the north

A

Caucasus

103
Q

Azerbaijan became an independent nation in ____ following the breakup of the soviet union

A

1991

104
Q

Azerbaijan has huge ____ reserves

A

oil

105
Q

Population of azerbaijan

A

10 million

106
Q

Government type: Azerbaijan

A

Federal multiparty republic

107
Q

______ people make up 90% of people in Azerbaijan

A

Azeri
- 3% Dagestani
Russian, Armenia

108
Q

person identified with the country of Azerbaijan

A

Azerbaijani or Azeri

109
Q

Official language of Azerbaijan

A

Azerbaijani
- russian and armenian also spoken

110
Q

______ is the primary religion of Azerbaijan (93% of people)

A

Islam

  • small percentages of Russian Orthodox and Armenia Orthodox
111
Q

1 Azerbaijani ______ = 100 Gopik

A

Manat

112
Q

What is a archipelago

A

island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands

113
Q

World’s largest archipelago

A

The Malay archipelago (the East Indies)
- philippines, indonesia, Malaysia
- around 25 000 islands
- formed by glacial retreat

114
Q

How many islands in Indonesia

A

~17 000

115
Q

How many islands in the philippines

A

~ 7000

116
Q

The Bahamas because independent from _____ in _____

A

Britain; 1973
- has since developed strong ties with the united states

117
Q

Bahamas population

A

~400 000

118
Q

Bahrain is an island country (she’s an archipelago) in the ______ gulf

A

Persian Gulf
- theres a highway across the water to Saudi Arabia

119
Q

Bahrain became independent from the UK in ____

A

1971

120
Q

____ accounts for 80% of Bahrains exports

A

Oil

121
Q

Government type: Bahrain

A

Constitutional Monarchy

122
Q

Population of bahrain

A

1.5 million

123
Q

_____ is the worlds most densely population country

A

Singapore

124
Q

Alluvium

A

loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed
- All of the sediment it was carrying falls out as the water slows down

125
Q

Most of the land in Bangladesh is _____ (flat or mountainous) and cover d by _____ (fertile or infertile) alluvium

A

flat; fertile

126
Q

T or F: Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate

A

true
- moist southerly winds bring heavy rain in the summer

127
Q

Bangladesh was called _______ until _____

A

East Pakistan; 1971
- they rebelled against West Pakistan starting a 9 month civil war

128
Q

Population of Bangladesh

A

170 million

129
Q

Government type: Bangladesh

A

Multiparty republic

130
Q

Primary ethnic group of Bangladesh

A

Bangali 98%

131
Q

Official langue of Bangladesh

A

Bengali
- English also spoken

132
Q

Primary 2 religions of Bangladesh

A

islam 83 and Hinduism 16

133
Q

In _____ 1 Taka = 100 Paisas

A

Bangladesh

134
Q

Person identified with the Bahamas

A

Bahamian

135
Q

person identified with Bahrain

A

Bahraini

136
Q

person identified with Bangladesh

A

Bangladeshi

NOT Bengali - Bengali refers to a person who speaks the Bengali language
- Bengali can also refer to an Indian Bengali or a Bangladeshi Bengali

137
Q

______ is the most easterly Caribbean country

A

Barbados

138
Q

Barbados became independent from ______ in ______

A

Britain; 1960

139
Q

Belarus was under Soviet control until declaring its sovereignty and independence from the Soviet Union in ____

A

1990/1991

140
Q

Population of Belarus

A

~10 million

141
Q

Population of Barbados

A

~300 000

142
Q

______ contains Europes largest marsh and peat bog, the Pripet Marshes

A

Belarus

143
Q

Government type: Belarus

A

Multiparty republic

144
Q

Ethnic groups: Belarus

A

Belarusian 81
Russian
Polish
Ukranian

145
Q

2 official languages of Belarus

A

Belarusian and Russian

146
Q

Primary religion of Belarus

A

Christianity: Eastern Orthodox 80%

147
Q

In ______ 1 rouble = 100 Kopecks

A

Belarus

148
Q

person identified with Belarus

A

Belarusian

149
Q

Belgium borders the ______ sea

A

North

150
Q

Belgium became independent in ____

A

1830

151
Q

_____ is a customs union formed by Netherlands, Luxembourg and Belgium

A

Benelux

152
Q

______ holds the world record of a country with no government (541 days)

A

Belgium (between 2010-2011)

153
Q

tension between dutch speaking flemings and french speaking walloons in _____

A

Belgium

154
Q

Population of belgium

A

~12 million

155
Q

Government Type: Belgium

A

Federal Constitutional Monarchy

156
Q

Ethnic groups of Belgium

A

Belgian 89 (composed of 58 Fleming and 31 Walloon)

157
Q

3 Official languages of Belgium

A

Dutch, French, German

158
Q

Primary religion of Belgium

A

Roman Catholic

159
Q

Mountain range in Belize

A

Maya Mountains

160
Q

Belize was a ______ colony from 1862 to _____

A

British; 1981

161
Q

______ opposed Belize’s independence and only in the early ______ did they agree to recognize it

A

Guatemala; 1990s

162
Q

population of belize

A

400 000

163
Q

Official language of Belize

A

English
- Spanish and Creole also spoken

164
Q

_____ is the only Central American country where English is the official language

A

Belize

165
Q

Mestizo and Creole are both ethnic groups of ______

A

Belize

166
Q

Government type: Belize

A

Constitutional Monarchy

167
Q

1 Bezilian ____ = 100 cents

A

dollar

168
Q

Primary religion in Belize

A

Roman Catholic

169
Q

In Benin the inland plains are wetter than the coast

A

true

170
Q

Benin was a _____ republic between 1972-1990

A

Socialist

171
Q

Benin became fully independent in ______

A

1960

172
Q

Benin population

A

13 million

173
Q

Person identified with Belize

A

Belizean

174
Q

Government type: Benin

A

Multiparty Republic

175
Q

Fon, Adja, Bariba are ethnic groups found in _____

A

Benin

176
Q

Official language of Benin

A

French
- Fon, Adja, Yoruba also spoken

177
Q

Religions of Benin (2)

A

Traditional Beliefs 50
Christianity 30
Islam 20

178
Q

In Benin _____ = 100 centimes

A

CFA Franc

179
Q

_____ is a group of about 15- small islands around 920 km east of USA

A

Bermuda

180
Q

_____ remains Britain’s oldest overseas territory

A

Bermuda

181
Q

Mountain range in Bhutan

A

Himalayas

182
Q

In ____ Bhutan held its first ever democratic elections (ending over a century of absolute royal rule)

A

2008

183
Q

The _____ of Bhutan is head of both state AND government

A

Bhutan

184
Q

Government type: Bhutan

A

Constitutional Monarchy

185
Q

Population of Bhutan

A

800 000

186
Q

Ethnic groups of Bhutan

A

Bhutanese 50
Nepalese 35

187
Q

In ______ 1 Ngultrum = 100 Chetrum

A

Bhutan

188
Q

Dzongkha is the official language of _____

A

Bhutan

189
Q

2 religions of Bhutan

A

Buddhism 75
Hinduism 25

190
Q

People identified with Benin

A

Beninese

191
Q

Mountain range in Bolivia

A

Andes

192
Q

Government type: Bolivia

A

Multiparty Republic

193
Q

Mestizo , Quechua, Aymara are ethnic groups of ______

A

Bolivia

194
Q

Spanish, Aymara, Quechua are official languages of _____

A

Bolivia

195
Q

Primary religion of Bolivia

A

Roman Catholic

196
Q

in Bolivia 1 _____ = 100 Centavos

A

Boliviano

197
Q

Government Type: Bosnia-Herzogovina

A

Federal Republic

198
Q

Ethnic groups of Bosnia-Herzegovina

A

Bosnian 48
Serb 37
Croat 14

199
Q

3 languages of Bosnia-Herzegovina

A

Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian

200
Q

3 religions of Bosnia-Herzegovina

A

Islam 40
Serbian Orthodox 31
Roman Catholic 15

201
Q

In ______ 1 Convertible Marka = 100 Convertible Pfenniga

A

Bosnia-Herzegovina

202
Q

People identified with Bosnia-Herzegovina

A

Bosniaks, the Serbs, and the Croats

203
Q

Bosnian Serbs or Bosnian Croats opposed the independence of Bosnia-Herzegovina

A

Bosnian Serbs
- they started a war against the non-serbs

Atlas (2 decks)

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