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AS Chemistry Module 2 > GCE Acceptable Colour Changes and Observations > Flashcards

GCE Acceptable Colour Changes and Observations Flashcards

1
Q

What colour is fluorine gas?

A

Yellow

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2
Q

What colour is chlorine gas?

A

Green

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3
Q

What colour is bromine liquid?

A

Red-brown

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4
Q

What colour is bromine gas?

A

Red-brown vapour

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5
Q

What colour is iodine solid?

A

Grey-black

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6
Q

What colour is iodine vapour?

A

Violet / purple

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7
Q

What colour is chlorine water?

A

Green / colourless

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8
Q

What colour is bromine water?

A

Yellow / orange / brown

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9
Q

What colour is iodine solution in a polar solvent?

A

Yellow / brown

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10
Q

What colour is iodine solution in a non-polar solvent?

A

Violet / purple

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11
Q

Give an example of a non-aqueous solvent

A

Hexane

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12
Q

What are the observations when solid fluoride is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid?

A

Steamy / misty fumes (of HF) produced

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13
Q

What are the observations when solid chloride is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid?

A

Steamy / misty fumes (of HCl) produced

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14
Q

What are the observations when solid bromide is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid?

A

Steamy / misty fumes (of HBr) produced

Red-brown vapour (Br2) produced

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15
Q

What are the observations when solid iodide is reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid?

A 
Steamy / misty fumes (of HI)
Violet / purple vapour (I2)
Smell of rotten eggs (H2S)
Yellow solid (S)
Grey-black solid (on the sides of the test-tube) (I2)
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16
Q

What are the observations when solid fluoride is reacted with concentrated phosphoric acid?

A

Steamy / misty fumes (of HF)

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17
Q

What are the observations when solid chloride is reacted with concentrated phosphoric acid?

A

Steamy / misty fumes (of HCl)

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18
Q

What are the observations when solid bromide is reacted with concentrated phosphoric acid?

A

Steamy / misty fumes (of HBr)

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19
Q

What are the observations when solid iodide is reacted with concentrated phosphoric acid?

A

Steamy / misty fumes (of HI)

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20
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in acidic solutions?

A

Colourless

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21
Q

What are the two main indicators for acid-base titrations?

A

Phenolphthalein and methyl orange

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22
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in neutral solutions?

A

Colourless

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23
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in alkaline solutions?

A

Pink

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24
Q

What colour is methyl orange indicator in acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions?

A 
Acidic = red
Neutral = orange
Alkaline = yellow
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25
What indicator is suitable for titrations with a strong acid-strong base or a weak acid-strong base?
Phenolphthalein
26
What indicator is suitable for titrations with a strong acid-strong base or a strong acid-weak base?
Methyl orange
27
What is the colour change at endpoint of methyl orange when adding acid to alkali?
Yellow to red Alkali in conical flask, acid in burette
28
What is the colour change at endpoint of methyl orange when adding alkali to acid?
Red to yellow Acid in conical flask, alkali in burette
29
What is the colour change at endpoint of phenolphthalein when adding alkali to acid?
Colourless to pink Acid in conical flask, alkali in burette
30
What is the colour change at endpoint of phenolphthalein when adding acid to alkali?
Pink to colourless Alkali in conical flask, acid in burette
31
What is the test for hydrogen gas?
Gives a 'pop' with a burning splint
32
What is the test for carbon dioxide gas?
Bubble through limewater, limewater turns milky
33
What is the test for chlorine gas?
Turns damp blue litmus paper red (due to HCl and HClO), then bleaches it (due to HClO)
34
What is the test for oxygen gas?
Relights a glowing splint.
35
What is the test for HCl?
Dip a glass rod in conc. ammonia. In the presence of hydrogen chloride gas, dense white fumes (NH4Cl, ammonium chloride) will be produced.
36
What is the test for NH3?
Dip a glass rod in conc. HCl. In the presence of ammonia gas, dense white fumes (NH4Cl, ammonium chloride) will be produced.
37
What colour will lithium ions appear in a flame test?
Crimson
38
What colour will sodium ions appear in a flame test?
Yellow / orange
39
What colour will potassium ions appear in a flame test?
Lilac Pink through cobalt glass
40
What colour will calcium ions appear in a flame test?
Brick red
41
What colour will barium ions appear in a flame test?
Apple green
42
What colour will copper ions appear in a flame test?
Blue-green
43
What is the test for ammonium ions?
Warm with a solution of sodium hydroxide. A pungent smell will be observed.
44
What is the test for sulfate ions?
SO4 2- Make a solution and add a solution of barium chloride or barium nitrate - forms a white precipitate.
45
What is the test for halide ions?
Make a solution in dilute nitric acid and add silver nitrate solution, then note the following: Cl- ion = white precipitate, soluble in dilute ammonia solution. Br- ion = cream precipitate, soluble in concentrated ammonia solution. I- ion = yellow precipitate, insoluble in concentrated ammonia solution.
46
What is the test for carbonate ions?
Add dilute acid to from colourless gas which turns limewater milky.
47
What is the test for iodine?
Add a few drops of starch to the solution, the solution will turn blue-black.
48
What are the observations when a hydrocarbon is burnt?
A smoky/sooty flame is indicative of a high carbon content and for incomplete combustion.
49
What is the test for alkenes?
Test for unsaturation Add a few cm^3 of bromine water. After shaking the aqueous layer will decolourise.
50
What are the observations when an alcohol is burnt?
A non-smoky/non-sooty/clean blue flame is indicative of complete combustion/low carbon content. A sooty/smoky flame is indicative of incomplete combustion/high carbon content.
51
What are the observations when an alcohol is reacted with sodium?
Solid disappears, fizzing, mixture warms up.
52
What are the observations when an alcohol is reacted with phosphorus pentachloride?
Solid disappears, steamy/misty fumes, mixture warms up, hissing noise.
53
What are the observations when an alcohol is oxidised?
Primary and secondary alcohols with acidified potassium/sodium dichromate (VI) solution changes from orange to green when heated, change in smell.
54
What are the observations when magnesium is reacted with water?
Few bubbles produced slowly, metal dulls
55
What are the observations when calcium is reacted with water?
Fizzing, mixture warms up, metal rises and falls, metal disappears, white solid produced.
56
What are the observations when magnesium/calcium is reacted with hydrochloric acid?
Metal disappears, fizzing, mixture warms up
57
What are the observations when magnesium is reacted with sulfuric acid?
Metal disappears, fizzing, mixture warms up
58
What are the observations when calcium is reacted with sulfuric acid?
Fizzing initially but reaction stops (due to formation of insoluble calcium sulfate)
59
What are the observations when magnesium is burnt in oxygen?
Bright white light to form a white powder.
60
What are the observations when calcium is burnt in oxygen?
Brick red flame to form a white powder

AS Chemistry Module 2 (13 decks)

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