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GCSE AQA TRIPLE SCIENCE - Biology > GCSE AQA Biology - Topic 4 - BIOENERGETICS > Flashcards

GCSE AQA Biology - Topic 4 - BIOENERGETICS Flashcards

1
Q

word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide+ water -> oxygen + glucose

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2
Q

symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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3
Q

4 factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis.

A

LIGHT
CONCENTRATION
TEMPERATURE
CHLOROPHYLL

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4
Q

describe AND explain the graph of temperature versus rate of photosynthesis.

A

as the temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis increases until optimum temperature is reached and the rate levels off. As the temperatures continues to rise the enzymes start to denture so rate decreases until it stops completely

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5
Q

describe AND explain the graph of light intensity versus rate of photosynthesis.

A

as the light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis increases until either carbon dioxide concentration or temperature become the limiting factor and the rate of photosynthesis levels off even though the light intensity continues to increase.

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6
Q

describe AND explain the graph of carbon dioxide level versus rate of photosynthesis.

A

as the CO2 concentration increases the rate of photosynthesis increases until either light intensity or temperature become the limiting factor and the rate of photosynthesis levels off even though the CO2 concentration continues to increase.

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7
Q

describe the relationship between light intensity and distance.

A

when the lamp is closer to the plant the light intensity is higher, but as the lamp is moved further away the light intensity decreases

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8
Q

name the law that is used to link light intensity and distance.

A

the inverse square law

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9
Q

give the equation that shows the relationship between light intensity and distance.

A

light intensity = 1 / distance squared

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10
Q

give 5 uses of the glucose made in photosynthesis

A

RESPIRATION
MAKING CELLULOSE
MAKING AMINO ACIDS
STORED AS OILS OR FATS
STORED AS STARCH

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11
Q

what is respiration

A

the process of transferring glucose into energy

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12
Q

why is respiration EXOthermic

A

because it transfers energy to the environment

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13
Q

the energy transferred in respiration is used for all living processes
give 3 examples

A

TO BUILD UP LARGER MOLECULES
TO ALLOW MUSCLES TO CONTRACT
TO KEEP THE BODY TEMPERATURE STEADY

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14
Q

what is aerobic respiration

A

respiration using oxygen

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15
Q

what is the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (+ ENERGY)

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16
Q

what is the symbol equation. for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ ENERGY)

17
Q

where do most of the reactions for aerobic respiration occur?

A

inside mitochondria

18
Q

what is anaerobic respiration

A

respiration without oxygen

19
Q

when does anaerobic respiration take place in muscles

A

when you do vigorous exercise and your body is unable to supply oxygen quickly enough

20
Q

which type of respiration transfers the least energy

A

anaerobic respiration transfers the least energy because glucose is not fully broken down

21
Q

give a word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles

A

glucose -> lactic acid (+ ENERGY)

22
Q

give a word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

A

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ ENERGY)

23
Q

what is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called

A

fermentation

24
Q

why do you need more energy when you exercise

A

because exercise requires your muscles to be able to contract and relax to allow movement, this requires energy

25
Q

describe what happens to the heart rate, breathing rate and breathing volume during exercise and explain why this happens.

A
  • more oxygen and glucose needed in muscles for faster rate of respiration
  • faster breathing rate and deeper/bigger breathing volume supplies more oxygen
  • faster heart rate pumps blood more quickly to carry oxygen from lungs and glucose from intestines to muscles
26
Q

what is meant by the term oxygen debt

A

when you finish exercising anaerobically you continue breathing faster because you need to break down the toxic lactic acid that was made, which requires oxygen

27
Q

describe the role of oxygen in the removal of lactic acid from the muscles

A

oxygen oxidises lactic acid breaking it down into carbon dioxide and water

28
Q

what is metabolic rate

A

the rate at which all the chemical reactions take place in the body

GCSE AQA TRIPLE SCIENCE - Biology (9 decks)

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