[GCSE] Catholic Christianity - Practices Flashcards
FINISHED (68 cards)
1
Q
How does the whole of creation manifest the presence of God?
A
- Catholics believe God created the universe and everything in it; showing his presence
- “The heavens declare the glory of God”
- “God transcends creation and is present to it. God is infinitely greater than all his works”
2
Q
What are the 7 sacraments?
A
- Baptism
- Eucharist
- Confirmation
- Reconciliation
- Anointing of the sick
- Marriage
- Holy Orders
“The seven sacraments touch all stages and all the important moments of Christian life.”
3
Q
What is the practice and symbolism of the baptism.
A
- Practice: Pouring of water 3 times over the child’s/adult’s head
- Symbolism: “I baptise you in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.”
4
Q
What is the meaning and effect of baptism?
A
- The old life is washed away and a new one is entered
- Baptised person can now be called a Christian
- Anointing with oil (chrism) means the person has been claimed by Christ.
- Without it, a person cannot receive the other sacraments
5
Q
What is the practice and symbolism of confirmation?
A
- Practice: Laying of hands on head, symbolising the coming down of the Holy Spirit.
- Symbolism: “Be sealed with the gift of the Holy Spirit”
6
Q
What is the meaning and effects of the confirmation?
A
- The sacrament gives strength through the Holy Spirit.
- Confirmation gives people the chance to complete their baptism
7
Q
What is the process of reconciliation?
A
- The penitent makes the sign of the cross and says “Bless me Father, for I have sinned.”
- Penitent confesses their sins.
- Priest gives the penitnet a penance.
- The penitent says an act of contrition and a prayer of sorrow.
- Priest says the words of absolution, blessing the person as he does so.
8
Q
What is the meaning and effects of reconciliation?
A
- Brings forgiveness of sins. It can be used for lesser sins but it required for serious sins to be able to receive the eucharist.
- Allows Catholics to admit contrition.
- Helps them to be humble and reflect on their lives.
Contrition - the act of being sorry for the sin done and never doing it again.
9
Q
Explain the practice and symbolism of anointing of the sick.
A
- Practice: Oil of the sick marked in a sign of the cross on the sick’s forehead. Hand is also laid on person as symbol of bringing down the Holy Spirit and his gifts.
- Symbolism: “Through this holy anointing, may the Lord in his love and mercy help you.”
10
Q
What are the meaning and effects of annointing of the sick?
A
- It’s a strengthening sacrament
- Gives grace, spiritual strength and healing to the person
- Allows the person’s sins to be forgiven
11
Q
Explain the process of marriage.
A
- Exchanging of vows (“Till death do us part”)
- Exchange of rings - unending nature of marriage and the nuptial blessing
- The two being married are joined together in sacramental union through the Holy Spirit.
12
Q
Explain the meaning and effects of marriage.
A
- God created man and woman for each other
- Couple can have a lifelong relationship of love and faithfulness
- Now can partake in the procreation of children and the bringing up of a Christian family
- Sign of grace
- It involves God himself
13
Q
What is the practice and symbolism of the sacrament of holy orders?
A
- Practice: laying on of hands and the anointing with chrism by the bishop to the new priest
- Symbolism: Prayer of consecration gives deacon/priest/bishop grace, strength and authority to serve and administer sacraments appropriately.
14
Q
What are the meaning and effects of holy orders?
A
- Candidates show discipleship and promise to serve
Show witness to other people that is visible to the entire world
Men are consecrated and become a deacon, priest or bishop
15
Q
What is the significance of sacraments?
A
- Catholics receive grace and blessing from God
- Mark the journey of faith that Christians go through in life
- Make Christians stronger in faith
- Christians brought closer to God as a sacrament is an outward and visible sign of an inward, spiritual grace
16
Q
Give divergent understandings of the sacraments.
A
- Orthodoxes are the same as the Catholic Church.
- Most Protestants only accept two sacraments - baptism and Holy Communion as they’re the only ones sanctioned by Jesus
- Baptists and Pentecostals believe only aware, consenting adults should be baptised.
- Quakers and the Salvatrion Army have no sacraments; it is unnecessary for them.
17
Q
What is liturgical worship?
A
Public worship in church that uses a service book with set prayers and rituals so that everything follows the same format.
18
Q
What is the nature of mass?
A
A weekly celebration of the resurrection of Jesus (who rose from the dead on a sunday). Catholics meet as a community to worship and learn the teachings of the Church. It has a specific structure and wherever a Catholic attends Mass in the world it’ll be the same.
19
Q
What is the structure of Mass?
A
- Introductory Rite: Greeting, Penitential Rite
- Liturgy of the Word: Readings (First reading, responsorial psalm, second reading, gospel and (sometimes) creed)
- Liturgy of the Eucharist: Presentation of the Gifts, Eucharistic Prayer and Rite of Communion
- Concluding Rite: Congregation gives thanks, final blessing and dismissal
20
Q
Why is the Eucharist the ‘source and summit of Christian life’?
A
Because it unifies Christians, “‘the bread is one, we though many, are one body, all of us who partake of the one bread.’ In this way all of us are made members of His Body.”
21
Q
What is the significance of Mass?
A
- During the Eucharist, Catholics believe Jesus is present with them during Mass
- Mass is a celebration of the resurrection, it shows all Catholics that there is eternal life, so Catholics attend Mass to remember and pray that one day they too will receive eternal life.
- It is important Catholics attend Mass since it was Jesus’ Command when he said at the Last supper: ‘Do this in memory of me’.
22
Q
Give some divergent understandings of liturgical worship.
A
- Most protestant churches have non-liturgical worship. The leader of the worship can choose the hymns, prayers and Bible readings which all lead up to a sermon that the leader chooses.
- Music is often a major part of non-liturgical worship & prayers are extempore.
- In evangelical churches there will often be more congregational participation, making it more communal.
23
Q
Explain funeral rite within the home.
A
A vigil takes place. Vigil services can take place the night before the funeral and in the family’s home. It often takes the form of a Service of the Word with readings from the Bible accompanied by reflection and prayers. Many families take the body to stay in the church overnight however.
24
Q
Explain funeral rite within the church.
A
- Catholics are encouraged to have a Funeral Mass for the repose of the souls of the dead. The Mass isn’t mandatory.
- The funeral liturgy remembers the dead and expresses grief; while also being an act of worship and hope in God.
- The priest incenses and sprinkles the coffin with holy water to bless it.
25
Explain the funeral rite at the cemetery.
- The rite of committal is often celebrated beside the open grave or place of interment.
- The tomb/burial plot must be blessed, then they follow it with a scripture reading.
- The coffin is sprinkled with holy water and lowered into the ground.
- Lastly the priest blesses the mourners.
26
What is the aim of the funeral rite?
The funeral mass allows a link with the deceased. 'the family of the deceased, learn to live in communion with the one who 'has fallen asleep in the Lord''.
27
How does funeral rite allow communion of the community?
In committing the body to its resting place, the community expresses the hope that the deceased awaits resurrection and a reunion with God in heaven.
28
How was funeral rite decided?
By 'preparing for my funeral' by Cardinal Vincent Nichols.
- A Mass at a funeral, for example, is 'the highest form of prayer in which the Sacrifice of Cherist himself is made present. In offering this Sacrifice, we commend to God the soul of the deceased in union with Christ himself.'
29
Why is a proclamation of eternal life significant for Catholics?
It assures the Catholic community of the eternal life and can give hope to any non-Catholics, regardless of faith or lack of it.
30
How is prayer the 'raising of hearts and minds to God'.
Prayer tries to put thoughts, feelings and requests before God.
31
What is the nature of different types of prayer?
Prayer can often be vocal, but also includes meditation and contemplation.
32
What are the purposes of prayer?
- Adoration: adoring God for what he is
- Thanksgiving: thanking God for his general goodness or something getting better
- Confession: asking his forgiveness and determining to do better
- Supplication: asking for God's help
33
Why is the Lord's prayer significant; what does it express?
- It is significant as it's a prayer given to us by Jesus.
- It expresses adoration "hallowed be your name"
- It expresses confession "forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors"
- It expresses supplication: "give us today our daily bread"
34
What is a formulaic prayer and give some commonly used by Catholics.
A formulaic prayer are prayers often used in liturgical worship that many Christians come to know off by heart. Some include:
- Glory Be
- The Hail Mary
- Come Holy Spirit
- Hail Holy Queen
- Guardian Angel Prayer
35
What is an extempore prayer and why is it used?
They are informal prayers that allow Christians to express their innermost thoughts to God as a prayer. It allows Christians to feel a personal relationship with God.
36
Why do Catholics pray?
- Helps a person get things into perspective, allowing them to realise the reality of life
- Help a person to not be selfish, to realise they depend on others and to be grateful
- Stop a person from bottling up feelings of shame and guilt
- Help a person feel they're doing something for those who suffer if only by praying
- Contemplative and meditative prayers can bring inner peace, so the person feels refreshed from within
37
Why is it important for Catholics to have a variety of types of prayer and worship?
- People have different personalities with different feelings, aptitudes and interests.
- Therefore all Christians worship in the home, privately, publically and for different moods.
- Some Christians prefer formulaic over extempore and vice versa, but all pray.
38
What is popular piety?
The various forms of prayer and worship that Christians use which are inspired by the people's culture rather than by the Church's liturgy.
39
What are the main forms of Catholic popular piety?
- The Rosary
- Eucharistic adoration
- Stations of the Cross
40
What is the nature and significance of the Rosary?
- The Rosary is a form of prayer used to count prayers. The prayer is based on the Fifteen Mysteries of the Rosary and an optional set of five called the Luminous Mysteries.
It's significant because:
- It provides a structured, calm time of prayer and meditation
- It gives an opportunity to remember the main events in the life of Jesus
- It gives an opportunity to remember the life and work of Virgin Mary
- It brings many blessings and gains Mary's special protection and great graces.
41
What is the nature and significance of eucharistic adoration?
- Eucharistic adoration is often performed by Catholics during the Holy Hour, where they keep watch with Christ for an hour. This is based n when he asked the disciples to keep watch while he prayed, but they fell asleep.
It's significant because:
- Jesus himself is present in the blessed sacrament. The blessed sacrament is the "Living heart" of each church
- It provides contact with the 'very wellspring of grace'. The worshipper gets in touch with the presence of Christ.
42
What is the nature and significance of the Stations of the Cross?
- The SotC is a series of images depicting Jesus Christ of the day of his crucifixion. They follow the stations, stopping at each to say the selected prayers of simply to meditate and reflect on what happened.
It's significant because:
- They give Catholics a chance to identify with the sufgferings of Jesus
- They give Catholics a chance to pray through the journey of Jesus to the cross
- They give Catholics a chance to give thanks for what Jesus did for them
- Gives Catholics a chance to remember the cost of the salvation which Jesus brings them
43
Why is it important for Catholics to have different types of worship?
"The religious sense of the Christian people has always found expression in various forms of piety surrounding the Church's sacramental life...these expressions of piety extend the liturgical life of the Church but do not replace it."
44
Give some divergent views towards Popular Piety.
Protestants...
- Do not pray the rosary because of its connections with the adoration for the Virgin Mary. They don't believe she was a perpetual virgin, so there's no reason to adore her like that.
- Don't practice eucharistic adoration because they don't believe in transubstantiation. They believe the eucharist is just a symbol.
- Don't follow the SotC because some aren't based on the bible, and there is an elemnt of idolatry which is strictly condemned by Protestants.
45
What is a pilgrimage?
A journey to a location of importance to a religion for spiritual reasons.
46
Why do Catholics go on pilgrimage?
- Many pilgrims feel closer to God on a pilgrimage
- Making a pilgrimage takes planning, time and effort. This process can help in determining your life priorities
- Pilgrimage adds discipline to a Christian's spiritual life
47
What are the main four pilgrimage sites?
- Jerusalem
- Rome
- Lourdes
- Walsingham
48
Why is Jerusalem a significant pilgrimage site?
- It's the place where the crucial events of the final week of Jesus' life took place.
For example they visit:
- The Cenacle which is where the Last Supper took place, where the Eucharist was instituted.
- The Church of All Nations on the Mount of Olives, where Jesus prayed to his Father to take the cup from him and where Jesus was arrested.
49
Why is Rome a significant pilgrimage site?
It contains Vatican City, the home of the Pope. It also contains four papal basilicas, which are designated pilgrim churches.
50
Why is Lourdes a significant pilgrimage site?
- In February 1858, fourteen yr old Bernadette saw a beautiful girl, who told her she was the Immaculate Conception.
- The girl led her to a grotto where a miraculous spring appeared.
- It is famous for its healing miracles and the main purpose today is to give the sick strength and hope to bear their sufferings.
51
Why is Walsingham a significant pilgrimage site?
- There is a Shrine there that is a replica of Mary's home. The builder of the House apparently saw a phial which was supposed to contain milk from Mary's breasts, by the statue. Many healings and visions were supposed to happen at the shrine.
- The shrine was destroyed at reformation and rebuilt in the 20th century.
It's significant because:
- They can feel close to the Virgin Mary praying there
- It's a place other pilgrims claim their prayers were answered
- Healings are claimed to have taken place there
- It brings spiritual refreshment and brings Catholics and Anglicans closer together.
52
What is the Church's view on pilgrimage?
- "The most appropriate places for prayer are personal or family oratories, monsteries, **places of pilgrimage**, and above all the church, which is the proper place for liturgical prayer"
- Prayer is aided by being in places with holy associations.
53
Give some divergent attitudes to pilgrimage.
- Protestants have always been critical of pilgrimages as "no obedience attaches to them".
- They feel emphasising special 'holy places' is wrong because believers can encounter God anywhere.
- They also don't worship the Virgin Mary as it is idolatry.
- Pilgrimages may go to holy places in Jerusalem, but wouldn't go to Walsingham or Lourdes.
54
What is Catholic Social Teaching?
CST is about loving God and your neighbour as inseperable parts of a whole.
55
What is the CST on Justice?
It is one of the four cardinal virtues of Christianty. The Bible says God wants the world to be ruled justly, so people should be treated fairly and not cheated.
"Anyone who does not do what is right is not a child of God; nor is anyone who does not love his brother"
56
What is the CST on peace and reconcillation?
P&R are at the heart of Christian Gospel. 'Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God'.
Christianity is based on the concept of forgiveness and reconciliation.
57
How is peace and justice expressed within Evangelli Gaudium?
"I encourage financial experts and political leaders to ponder... 'Not to share one's wealth with the poor is to steal from them and to take away their livelihood. It is not our own goods which we hold, but theirs.'"
58
How are CSTs reflected in Catholic lives?
- Christians believe they are called to discipleship the same way that apostles were.
- They must practice peace, justice and reconciliation as far as possible with those around them
- This may change the trajectory of a Catholic's life, helping the poor, making lifestyle choices that help the environment, standing up for the rights of the poor and working for justice of the oppressed.
59
How is Catholic duty reflected in the parable of the sheep and the goats?
"Then the King will say to those on his right, (the sheep), 'Come you who are blessed by my Father ... For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink' ... then he will say to those on his left ... 'I tell you the truth, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.' Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life."
*Jesus shows that it is the duty of Catholics to aid those in need. These teachings should affect the way Catholics vote and participate in politics.*
60
What does CAFOD do and why?
They run...
- Development programmes so that LEDCs can become self-supporting and have opportunities to become MEDCs.
- Disaster and emergency fund to deal with natural disasters and refugees. It gives people safe places to stay.
- Raising awareness campaign to give information not only about what CAFOD is doing but also about world development.
- Speaking out on behalf of poor communities to bring social justice. e.g. they ran the biggest ever global mobilisation to end poverty.
61
What is the history and significance of mission and evangelism for Catholics?
- Catholics become missonaries and evangelise because Jesus said: "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and make disciples of all nations...teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you."
62
What is the history of missionary and evangelical work?
- It started with the disciples of Jesus
- St Thomas took Christianity to Iran, then to India, while disciples went to different areas
- When Europeans began to colonise America and Africa, Christian missionaries went with them. In this way, colonisation came hand in hand with colonisation by europeans.
63
How is missionary and evangelical work done locally?
Local Churches are a focal point of Catholic identity and worship:
- They are where people go to show their devotion to God in the celebration of Mass
- They provide special services for Christians to celebrate Christian festivals
- They offer sacrements to the people
- They support the local Catholic Christian schools
64
How is missionary and evangelical work done nationally?
- The alpha course introduces non-churchgoers to the basics of the Christian faith through a series of talks and discussions.
Based on the Alpha course, a plan was conceived that consisted of:
- A regular reading of the Gospel
- The local bishop teaching young people, families and those converting to Catholicism
- The promotion of confession
- A charitable initiative
65
How is missionary and evangelical work done globally?
- Modern Christian missions work to provide for material as well as spiritual needs.
66
How does missionary work and evangelism fulfil the Great Commission and the teaching of Jesus?
- Jesus' final words gave all Christians a mission, to serve the world and create more Christians
- Catholics need to come alongside people in their needs:
"Jesus wants to touch human misery, to touch the suffering flesh of others. He hopes that we will...enter into the reality of people's and know the power of tenderness."
67
What are some divergent approaches to missionary and evangelical work in the modern world?
Some Catholics and other Christians tend to evangelise by living a good Christian life and loving their neighbours because they feel that:
- Trying to convert followers of other religions while living in a multi-faith society is a type of prejudice and discrimination
- It's impossible to regard all other religions as wrong unless you have studied and compared every single one
- It can lead to arguments and/or violence within a multi-faith society when told their faith is wrong
- It can be resented in LEDCs as a new form of colonisation as it seems MEDCs are imposing their values
68
What is the problem of evangelisation?
It can sometimes dip into proselytism, the conveting of others often through aggressive or coercive techniques, which are frowned upon by Catholics today.
