Gcse Chemistry Paper 1 Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table

Question 1

What two particles in the nucleus of an atom made up of ?

Answer 1

• protons

* neutrons

Question 2

Protons and neutrons have the same relative what?

Answer 2

• mass

Question 3

What’s the relative mass for protons and neutrons

Answer 3

1

Question 4

What is the relative mass for electrons

Answer 4

-very small

Question 5

What is the relative charge for protons

Answer 5

+1

-positive

Question 6

What is the relative charge for neutrons?

Answer 6

-0

Question 7

What is the relative charge for electrons?

Answer 7

• 1

- negative

Question 8

Most atoms have a radius of what?

Answer 8

-0.1nm

Question 9

What happen when an atom has the same amount of protons and electrons?

Answer 9

• the amount of positive and negative electrons is equal
• so the relative charges balance out
• the atom is neutral (no overall charge)

Question 10

Atoms have the ability to what?

Answer 10

-Lose or gain electrons

Question 11

When an atom loses or gain an electron what do we call it?

Answer 11

• An Ion

Question 12

What do you name an atom that has more electrons than protons?

Answer 12

Negative ions

-because there’s more negative electrons than positive protons

Question 13

What do you name an atom that has more protons than electrons ?

Answer 13

• Positive ion

- because there’s more positive protons than negative electrons

Question 14

What is an elemental symbol?

Answer 14

• is the one or two letter symbol that represents that element
• E.g oxygen is represented as O in the periodic table

Question 15

What is atomic number?

Answer 15

• the atomic number is represented in the bottom left Corner of a nuclear symbol
• indicates number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom, which is also equal to the number of electrons in an unchanged atom

Question 16

What is the mass number?

Answer 16

• Located on the top left side of the nuclear symbol

- this number tells us the total number of protons and neutrons in that atom

Question 17

What do we do if we want to find out the number of neutrons an element has?

Answer 17

-mass number minus the atom number

Question 18

What is an element?

Answer 18

-

-Elements are defined by the number of protons they possess

Question 19

What happens when we change the number of neutrons in an element?

Answer 19

changing the number of neutrons form isotopes.

Question 20

Define isotope

Answer 20

Isotopes are different forms of the same element,that have the same number of protons,but a different number of neutrons

Question 21

relative atomic mass equation

Answer 21

Ar = sum of isotope mass x isotope abundance / 100

Question 22

What is a molecule?

Answer 22

• 2 or more atoms ,held together by chemical bonds
• e.g oxygen are pairs of atoms that are bonded together so they’re classed as molecules

-molecules can contain diff elements e.g water oxygen atom is bonded to two atoms of hydrogen

Question 23

What is a compound?

Answer 23

• 2 or more different Elements held together by chemical bonds

-e.g water because it contains two different elements which are:
• hydrogen and
•Oxygen

-another example is carbon dioxide it contains two different elements which are:
•oxygen
•Carbon

Question 24

Why is the molecules like oxygen and chlorine not a compound?

Answer 24

-they only contain one type of element bonded together

Question 25

What is a key feature of compounds?

Answer 25

- the elements involved are always found in the same proportions - e.g water always has 2 hydrogen atoms an 1 oxygen atom - allows us to write formulas for them using their chemical symbol and numbers of each atom e.g H2O

Question 26

What is a mixture?

Answer 26

- two or more substances not chemically combined together - lots of different substances that Haven’t reacted to each other - so no chemical bonds between the individual substances

Question 27

Why is it so easy to separate mixtures?

Answer 27

- because they’re not chemically combined together | - just physically mixed

Question 28

Is carbon dioxide CO2 a molecule,compound or both?

Answer 28

- Both - CO2 is a molecule because it contains 3 atoms chemically bonded together - it is also a compound as it contains atoms of 2 elements (carbon and oxygen)

Question 29

What is the first rule of balancing equations?

Answer 29

1. Can’t change any of the little numbers | - We change the big numbers

Question 30

What is the second rule of balancing equations?

Answer 30

2. Keep to whole numbers

Question 31

What is the type of mixture that’s separated in filtration

Answer 31

-separates insoluble solids from liquids e.g sand and water

Question 32

What’s the process of filtration

Answer 32

- The insoluble solid (called residue) gets caught in the filter paper because the particles are too big to fit through the holes in the paper. - The filtrate is the substance that comes through the filter paper

Question 33

What type of mixture is separated in crystallisation/evaporation

Answer 33

A soluble solid and a liquid (e.g salt and water)

Question 34

How do you separate a soluble solid and liquid?

Answer 34

- to separate a soluble solid from a (non- flammable) liquid we use evaporation. If we want to create hydrated salt crystals then do not evaporate all the water from the mixture - the evaporating basin is wide and shallow, which gives the liquid a large surface area for quicker evaporation

Question 35

What type of mixture is separated in simple distillation?

Answer 35

-soluble solid dissolved in a liquid (usually water) e.g salty water

Question 36

What happens during simple distillation?

Answer 36

* The solution is heated, and pure water evaporates producing a vapour which rises through the neck of the round bottomed flask * The vapour passes through the condenser, where it cools and condenses, turning into the pure liquid that is collected in a beaker * After all the water is evaporated from the solution, only the solid solute will be left behind

Question 37

What type of mixture is separated during simple distillation?

Answer 37

-separates soluble liquids with different boiling points e.g crude