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Design Technology > GCSE Resistant Materials - Revision > Flashcards

GCSE Resistant Materials - Revision Flashcards

1
Q

How do you mark timber

A

Pencil and Marking knife

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2
Q

How do you cut timber

A

Rip saw - rough cutting
Coping saw - curvaceous cuts
Tenon saw - straight lines with accuracy

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3
Q

How to clamp timber

A

G-clamps

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4
Q

What type of timber usually grows faster

A

Softwoods

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5
Q

How can you avoid timber warping

A

You can season it either naturally or artificially using a kiln

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6
Q

How does timber warp

A

When the moisture content of different parts of pieces of wood changes unevenly

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7
Q

6 R’s

A

Reduce
Reuse
Recycle
Rethink
Refuse
Repair

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8
Q

Softwood examples:

A
  • Scots Pine - cheap, readily available, straight grains but prone to knots, strong, pale; low cost furniture, simple joinery
  • Parana Pine - hard, fairly strong, straight grained and knot free, more expensive, pale yellow, darker brown streaks; better furniture, visible structural carpentry
  • Spruce - not very hard wearing, creamy-white, small hard knots; indoor furniture
  • Yellow Cedar - pale colour, light-weight, rigid; furniture, veneers, boat building
  • Redwood - relatively strong, knots, low cost, durable when suitable clothing or treatment treats it; general woodwork, cupboards, shelves, roofs
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9
Q

Hardwood examples:

A

Ash - light creamy-brown, open grained; sports equipment wooden ladders, tools

Beech - white, close-grained, hard and strong, prone to warping; furniture, toys, tool handles

Elm - light brown, open grain, tough, resists splitting, water-resistant, durable outside; indoor + outdoor furniture

Mahogany - reddish-brown, interlocking grain, strong and durable; good quality furniture

Oak - light brown, strong, tough, open-grained, steel screws and fittings corroded, certain adhesive react with it; interior woodwork, high quality furniture

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10
Q

Manufactured boards:

A

Blockboard - softwood strips bonded together with adhesive, then sheet of plywood on either side, often with finishing veneer

Chipboard - small chips of wood bonded together with resin and compressed to form sheets. Cheaper but not as strong as plywood or blockboard

Hardboard - pulled wood fibres pressurised until fibres bond together, smooth on one side rough on the other, back of cupboards

MDF - very fine wood dust and resin, stronger than hardboard due to resin, easily finished with veneer/paint

Plywood - veneers of timber, grains at right angles, bonded by resin and pressure, different types :

  • boil resistant plywood
  • flexible plywood
  • interior plywood
  • laser plywood
  • marine plywood
  • weather and boil proof plywood
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11
Q

Advantages of Manufactured Boards over Natural Timber

A
  • large sizes + standard sizes and thicknesses
  • boards have specific purposes
  • often use elements of waste, environmentally sympathetic
  • uniform with few imperfections
  • do not split
  • ready finished formats
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12
Q

Timber finishes

A

Wax, French Polish, Varnish, Wood stain, Exterior wood stain, Oil, Paint, cellulose sealant

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13
Q

Plastic finish

A

Buffing Compound/ Polish

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14
Q

How do you measure timber’s lengths and angles

A

Ruler or Tape measure, Try Square, Mitre Square, Combination Square

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15
Q

How do you mark plastic

A

Permanent marker pen and odd-leg calipers

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16
Q

How do you measure plastic length and angles

A

Try, Mitre and combination square, dividers

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17
Q

How do you mark Metal

A

Straight steel edge and scriber and odd-leg calipers

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18
Q

How do you measure metal’s angles and lengths

A
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19
Q

What type of vice should you use when doing work on timber

A

Woodworking vice

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20
Q

How does a vacuum former work

A
  1. HIPS is heated
  2. Once hot, solid former pressed onto HIPS from a bed that can rise
  3. Vacuum, all air around former removed
  4. HIPS takes form of solid former
21
Q

How do you cut polymers

A

Coping saw, Hacksaw

22
Q

How do you cut metal

A

Hacksaw

23
Q

Jack plane

A

Dressing timber down to size, rough

24
Q

Smoothing plane

A

Removing very fine shavings

25
Q

Reforming Processes

A

Injection moulding - thermoforming plastics, heated, injected into mould

Extrusion - thermoforming plastics and metals, heated then pushed through a die

Sand casting - metals, melted and poured into mould of special sand

Die casting - metal melted and forced into hardened tool steel mould

26
Q

What are the different wood joints

A
  • Mortise and tenon (slip into hole)
  • Dovetail joint (satisfying)
  • Comb joint (less satisfying)
  • Butt joint (blocked ends)
  • Mitre joint (photo frame corner)
  • Lap joint (clasp two pieces 🤝)
  • Dowel joint (small circular rod)
  • Biscuit joint (like dowel but a leaf)
27
Q

What is a composite

A

A term to describe material made by combining two or more materials together

28
Q

What is a ferrous metal

A

Metals and alloys containing iron

29
Q

What is a non-ferrous metal

A

Metals and alloys that do not contain iron

30
Q

What is work hardening

A

Non-ferrous metal continuously bent, hit or shaped over period of time

31
Q

What is annealing

A

Heat and then let the metal cool. It’s molecular structure changes and can be cut and shaped more equally.

32
Q

What is a thermoforming plastic

A

Soften and become malleable when heated.

33
Q

Thermoforming plastics:

A

Nylon - low friction characteristics, good chemical resistance

LDPE and HDPE (polyethylene) - resistant to chemicals and some float

Polyvinyl chloride - resistant to chemicals and solvents, good tensile strength and impact resistant

Acrylic (PMMA) - hard, good resistance to UV light and weather, tensile strength

Polystyrene - poor resistance to UV light

Polypropylene - high resistance to chemicals and stress, flexible

ABS - durable, resistant to chemicals and weather, rubber like properties

34
Q

What’s are thermosetting plastics

A

Plastics that harden when heat is applied

35
Q

Thermosetting plastics:

A

Polyester resin - stable, low-cost, easy to use, good mechanical, chemical resistance and electrical properties

Epoxy resin - high adhesive strength, electrical insulation and food chemical resistance

Melamine formaldehyde - hard an chemical resistant, resistant

Urea formaldehyde - high tensile strength, surface hardness, low water absorption

Phenol formaldehyde - high hardness, good thermal stability and chemical resistance

36
Q

How is steam bending completed

A

Thin layers of timber into a chamber
Steam introduced from one end
Timber absorbs water as steam cools
Malleable and flexible now
Positioned into former and clamped
Retain the shape of the former

37
Q

How is laminating completed

A

Thin laminated of timber and bonding then over a former. Layers need to be held in place while adhesives cure and set

38
Q

Temporary joining

A

Using components with a screw thread

39
Q

What is permanent joining

A

A process that cannot be easily reversed

40
Q

What type of drill is used for cutting holes at 1-13mm

A

The twist drill

41
Q

What type of drill is used for cutting holes at 13-40mm

A

Spade drill/ Forstner bit

42
Q

What type of drill is used for cutting holes at >40mm

A

Hole saw

43
Q

How does CAD relate to CNC machines

A

CAD creates the design geometry; CAM designs the tool path while CNC uses the output from the CAM to actually make the part

44
Q

Metal finishes:

A

Galvanising - chemical process coats the base material in zinc

Anodising - electrolysis, acid + electrical current for protective layers on base material

Electroplating - chemically using electricity to add layers of other metals

Paint - spray or brush

Oil/grease - sprayed, rubbed or smeared onto exposed surface areas

Polish - machine buffing or by hand using a cloth

Plastic coat dipping - metal dipped into tank of thermoplastic coating removed, and left to cool

Powder coating - powder is a applied via an electrostatic spray gun. Product heated, powder melts

45
Q

How do jigs and formers work

A

Holds pieces of material together so they can be joined

46
Q

How does brazing work

A

Two pieces of metal heated, a third metal introduced to the joint being heated. Once molten heat removed and brass cools and solidifies

47
Q

How does soldering work

A

Where solder “flows” along the cleaned components bonding then together once it solidifies

48
Q

How does welding work

A

Heated together and join after it cools and solidifies

49
Q

How does riveting work

A

Small piece of metal inserted into a hole. Deformed to the extent it cannot be removed

Design Technology (5 decks)

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