[GE 12] General Surveying II

Question 1

wet equivalent of topographic surveying

Answer 1

hydrographic surveying

Question 2

art and science of compiling and producing charts/maps, of water-covered areas of the Earth’s surface; includes charting of water column parameters, geology of the seabed sediments and positioning issues

Answer 2

hydrography

Question 3

study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth

Answer 3

hydrology

Question 4

deals with the mechanical properties of liquids

Answer 4

hydraulics

Question 5

process that determines depths and terrain configuration of the bottoms of water bodies, used to prepare hydrographic maps, they are done on bodies of water such as a rivers, reservoirs, bay, harbor, lakes, or oceans

Answer 5

hydrographic surveys

Question 6

hydrographer’s worksheet used in the field to plot the details of the survey while it is still in progress

Answer 6

boat sheets

Question 7

office plots of all data gathered during survey. These represent the data after all corrections have been applied. Depths are commonly in fathoms (6 feet)

Answer 7

smooth sheets

Question 8

sets hydrographic standards to be agreed upon by the member nations.

Answer 8

International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)

Question 9

conducts hydrographic and physical oceanographic surveys and produces nautical charts, also the national hydrographic office of the Philippines and focal point for IHO and East Asia Hydrographic Commission (EAHC)

Answer 9

National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA)

Question 10

hydrographic procedures for determination of depths

Answer 10

soundings

Question 11

hydrographic procedures for determination of positions

Answer 11

locating soundings/point fixing

Question 12

well-defined lines on courses whose position are known and along which soundings are taken

Answer 12

range lines

Question 13

half daily cycle of rhythmic rise and fall of the surface of bodies of water due to the gravitational attraction of the sun and the moon and the rotating earth

Answer 13

tides

Question 14

horizontal movement of water accompanying tides

Answer 14

tidal current

Question 15

water surface is rising and moving towards the shore

Answer 15

flood tide

Question 16

water surface is falling and moving seaward

Answer 16

ebb tide

Question 17

high tide; max height of water surface above a standard datum plane on a given period

Answer 17

high water

Question 18

low tide; greatest depression of water surface below a standard datum plane on a given period

Answer 18

low water

Question 19

difference between the high and low tide at a location on a given date

Answer 19

tide range

Question 20

instant when tidal current is changing direction and flows either in or out

Answer 20

slack water

Question 21

direction (set) and speed (drift) of current flow

Answer 21

set and drift

Question 22

idealized average period of 24 hours and 50 minutes between the occurrence of two successive high tides of the same type and location

Answer 22

tidal day

Question 23

stand of the tide is the period around which the greatest peak or depression of the tides is reached and during which the changes in height of the tide is scarcely noticeable

Answer 23

stand

Question 24

large head or front of water generated at the surface of oceans

Answer 24

tidal waves

Question 25

specific tide levels used as surfaces of reference for depth measurements in the sea and as a base for the determination of elevation on land (localized)

Answer 25

tidal datums

Question 26

fixed vertical monument used to reference a local tidal datum

Answer 26

tidal benchmark

Question 27

process of measuring the depth of a body of water at a particular point

Answer 27

soundings

Question 28

process of measuring the horizontal position of a depth of a body of water at a particular point

Answer 28

locating soundings

Question 29

designed to measure the time of transit or difference in transit times of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere

Answer 29

electronic positioning systems

Question 30

method of short range electronic positioning for rapid determination of position even under adverse weather conditions

Answer 30

shoran (short-range navigation)

Question 31

principle employed in long range navigation, similar to shoran, except for the use and transmission of high pulses electromagnetic energy

Answer 31

loran (long-range navigation)

Question 32

a real-time, all-weather, 24-hour, worldwide 3-dimensional absolute satellite-based positioning system

Answer 32

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

Question 33

observation/measurement on natural celestial bodies

Answer 33

geodetic astronomy

Question 34

an imaginary surface whose center is the earth, where all celestial bodies are contained

Answer 34

Celestial Sphere

Question 35

speed of rotation of the celestial sphere

Answer 35

360 degrees 59.14 minutes per 24 hours

Question 36

points of intersection of the axis of rotation of the earth and the sphere

Answer 36

celestial poles

Question 37

is a great circle perpendicular to the axis of rotation

Answer 37

celestial equator

Question 38

fixed by angular measurements from two (2) planes of reference at right angles to each other passing thru the center of the sphere

Answer 38

spherical coordinates

Question 39

an astronomic almanac containing tables giving the computed positions of the sun, the planets, and various stars for everyday of a given period

Answer 39

Ephemeris

Question 40

The Horizon System: the angular distance of the body from the horizon as measured along the vertical circle; complement of zenith distance

Answer 40

Altitude (H or a)

Question 41

The Horizon System: the angle, measured clockwise along the celestial horizon, from the north or south point to the vertical circle of the star

Answer 41

Azimuth (Z or A)

Question 42

The Horizon System: the angular distance between the zenith and the celestial body measured along the vertical circle through the body

Answer 42

Zenith Distance (z)

Question 43

The Hour Angle System: the angle, measured clockwise along the equatorial plane, from the zenith side of the celestial meridian (t = 0 degrees) to the hour circle of the star

Answer 43

Hour Angle (t or h)

Question 44

The Hour Angle System: the angular distance, north or south of the equator, measured along the hour circle from the equator to the body; complement of polar distance

Answer 44

Declination (D)

Question 45

The Hour Angle System: the angular distance between the pole and the celestial body measured along the hour circle through the body

Answer 45

Polar Distance (P)

Question 46

The Right Ascension System: the angle between the equinoctial colure and the hour circle of the star, measured from the vernal equinox, in the plane of the celestial equator

Answer 46

Right Ascension

Question 47

The Right Ascension System: the angular distance, north or south of the equator, measured along the hour circle from the equator to the body complement of polar distance

Answer 47

Declination (D)

Question 48

The Right Ascension System: the angular distance between the pole and the celestial body measured along the hour circle through the body

Answer 48

Polar Distance (P)

Question 49

The Ecliptic System: the angular distance, measured along the ecliptic meridian of the star, between the ecliptic and the direction of the star

Answer 49

Ecliptic Latitude

Question 50

The Ecliptic System: the angle measured counterclockwise along the ecliptic, measured from the vernal equinox, to the ecliptic meridian of the star

Answer 50

Ecliptic Longitude

Question 51

The Ecliptic System: the complement of the ecliptic latitude

Answer 51

Ecliptic Polar Distance

Question 52

the intersection of the observer's horizon/horizontal plane and the celestial sphere

Answer 52

Celestial Horizon

Question 53

the great circle passing through the zenith, nadir and the poles

Answer 53

Celestial Meridian/Observer's Celestial Meridian

Question 54

great circles of the celestial sphere that passes through the zenith and the nadir

Answer 54

vertical circles

Question 55

vertical circle that is perpendicular to the observer's celestial meridian

Answer 55

prime vertical circle

Question 56

parallels of altitude, intersection of any plane parallel to the celestial horizon and the celestial sphere

Answer 56

almucantars

Question 57

The Horizon System: the apparent axis of rotation of the earth

Answer 57

Celestial Pole

Question 58

the point of intersection (at the top) of the observer's vertical line and the celestial sphere

Answer 58

Zenith

Question 59

the point of intersection (at the bottom) of the observer's vertical line and the celestial sphere

Answer 59

Nadir

Question 60

the point of intersection of the celestial horizon and observer's celestial meridian nearest to the North Celestial Pole (NCP)

Answer 60

North Point

Question 61

the point of intersection of the celestial horizon and observer's celestial meridian nearest to the South Celestial Pole (SCP)

Answer 61

South Point

Question 62

points of intersection of the prime vertical circle and the celestial horizon

Answer 62

east and west point

Question 63

a great circle in the celestial sphere perpendicular to its axis of rotation

Answer 63

celestial equator

Question 64

any great circle in the celestial sphere that passes through the north and south celestial poles

Answer 64

hour circle

Question 65

hour circle perpendicular to the meridian

Answer 65

6th hour circle

Question 66

intersection of any plane parallel to the celestial equator and the celestial sphere

Answer 66

celestial parallel

Question 67

intersection of the plane of the earth's orbit around the sun and the celestial sphere

Answer 67

ecliptic

Question 68

point of intersection of the celestial equator and the ecliptic (when the sun's declination is 0 degrees) following the winter season

Answer 68

vernal equinox

Question 69

point of intersection of the celestial equator and the ecliptic (when the sun's declination is 0 degrees) following the summer season

Answer 69

autumnal equinox

Question 70

point on the ecliptic defined when the sun's declination is greatest

Answer 70

winter/summer solstice

Question 71

a great circle in the celestial sphere passing through the celestial poles and the equinoxes

Answer 71

equinoctial colure

Question 72

a great circle in the celestial sphere passing through the celestial poles and the solstices

Answer 72

solstital colure

Question 73

instant when the star intersects the celestial horizon of the place (for equatorial stars only)

Answer 73

rising/setting

Question 74

instant when the star intersects the prime vertical circle

Answer 74

prime vertical crossing

Question 75

instant when the star intersects the celestial meridian

Answer 75

culmination/transit