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Circuits > GE152 > Flashcards

GE152 Flashcards

1
Q

The unit of charge.

A

Coulomb.

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2
Q

Symbol for Coulomb.

A

q or Q

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3
Q

Smallest discrete unit of charge.

A

Qe=-1.602e-19C
Qp=1.602e19C

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4
Q

1Joule/1Coulomb

A

The units of Voltage.

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5
Q

The amount of work to move a unit of charge between two points.

A

The description of Voltage.

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6
Q

Symbol for Voltage.

A

V or v.

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7
Q

1Coulomb/1Second

A

The units of Amperage

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8
Q

Symbol for Amperage.

A

I or i.

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9
Q

Conventional direction of charge flow.

A

Positive current in direction of positive charge flow (positive current opposite direction of electron movement).

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10
Q

A description of Amperage.

A

The amount of charge that passes through a cross-sectional surface area.

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11
Q

1Volt/1Ampere

A

The units for Resistance (Ohms)

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12
Q

Symbols for Resistance.

A

r or R.

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13
Q

Ohm’s Law.

A

E=IR
Voltage is equal to current times resistance.

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14
Q

Conductance.

A

The reciprocal of resistance. 1Ampere/1Volt Units of Siemens.

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15
Q

Symbol for conductance?

A

g or G

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16
Q

What assumptions are typically made about circuits in GE152?

A

Ideal wires, ideal current/voltage sources, ideal resistors, given values are exact.

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17
Q

What is a node?

A

A region that connects two or more circuit elements.

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18
Q

What is a circuit element?

A

Something that connects two nodes (other than a wire).

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19
Q

What is a source?

A

Something that supplies electric energy.

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20
Q

What is a load?

A

Something that consumes electric energy.

21
Q

Description of being in parallel using nodes?

A

Elements that sit between the same two nodes.

22
Q

What is ground?

A

Designated as the zero point (voltage here is 0 relative to everything else).

23
Q

Grounds are part of _______ node(s)

A

The same node.

24
Q

What is a branch?

A

A single electrical pathway consisting of wires and one or more elements?

25
Q

What is a loop?

A

Any closed pathway.

26
Q

What makes a non-ideal voltage source?

A

A series resistance.

27
Q

What makes a non-ideal current source?

A

A parallel resistance.

28
Q

What is a short circuit?

A

A zero-resistance connection that allows current to bypass one or more components.

29
Q

What is an open circuit?

A

A circuit in which there is no path for current to flow.

30
Q

How are voltmeters connected?

A

In parallel to the branch of measurement (across the two points being measured).

31
Q

How are ammeters connected?

A

In series through an element?

32
Q

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law.

A

The net change in electric potential around a closed loop is zero.

33
Q

Changes from + to - are considered…

A

Negative. Voltage drops.

34
Q

Changes from - to + are considered…

A

Positive. Voltage rises.

35
Q

Kirchhoff’s Current Law.

A

No current (or charge) around a closed circuit is lost. This means that current entering a node will equal current exiting a node. The sum of currents into and out of a node must equal 0.

36
Q

Combining voltage sources.

A

If in series, sum voltage sources together.
If in parallel, they can only be combined if they have the same voltage value (equivalent is equal, i.e. three 9V batteries in parallel have an equivalent 9V).

37
Q

Combining current sources.

A

If in parallel, sum them together.
If is series, they can only be combined if they have the same current value. (equivalent is equal, i.e. two 5mA sources in parallel have equivalent 5mA source).

38
Q

Equivalent resistances.

A

In series: Sum them together.
In parallel, take the reciprocal of the sum of reciprocal resistances. (The sum of their conductance is equal to the equivalent conductance).

39
Q

Unit of power.

A

Watt. Symbol p or P.

40
Q

Efficiency:

A

PowerOut/PowerIn = Efficiency

41
Q

Equations for power with circuits.

A

P=VI=(I^2)R=(V^2)/R

42
Q

Node analysis.

A

Uses KCL. Find equations describing the currents at node (current in and out), using the voltages between nodes and the resistances. Assume all currents enter a node, or all currents exit a node (whether the answer is positive or negative determines whether this assumption is correct). Create a system of equations for the node voltages and solve.

43
Q

Mesh analysis.

A

A mesh is a loop that contains no sub-loops. Uses KVL. Finds the currents around loops (assume all go clockwise, or all go counter clockwise). Find a system of equations for mesh currents and solve. To find the current at a resistor, consider all meshes it is connected to. Relative to one mesh, take the current and subtract the other connected mesh’s current. This is the resistors current.

44
Q

Superposition.

A

For linear circuits (all circuits in GE152). Take one source at a time. Set all others to 0. Remove current sources (make it open circuit) and short circuit voltage sources. Find voltages/currents for the source. Do this for all sources. Sum them together (keep polarities in mind) to find the final answer.

45
Q

What is a one-port network?

A

Only has two points of connection (to the load).

46
Q

Thevenin equivalent networks.

A

A voltage source in series with a resistor and the load.

To find the voltage:
1. Remove load.
2. Find open-circuit voltage between port nodes.

Then, to find resistor:
1. Set all sources to 0 (short voltage sources, remove current sources).
2. Find resistance between the two port nodes.

Remember to call the voltage and resistance in the equivalent network Thevenin voltage and Thevenin resistance (use subscript T).

47
Q

Norton equivalent networks.

A

Current source in parallel with resistor and load.

To find the current source:
1. Remove load.
2. Calculate short circuit current between the two port nodes.

Then, to find resistor:
1. Set all sources to 0.
2. Find resistance between two port nodes.

Remember to call the current and resistance in the equivalent network Norton current and Norton resistance (use subscript N).

48
Q

How do the Norton equivalent resistance and Thevenin equivalent resistance relate?

A

They are equal.

49
Q

Maximum power transfer.

A

Find Thevenin/Norton equivalent resistance to find the unavoidable power loss.
Using calculus, it can be found that the maximum power transferred to the load occurs when the load resistance is equal to the Thevenin/Norton resistance.

Circuits (1 decks)

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