GEN BIO NEW LESSON 1

Question 1

most important distinction among groups of living things

Answer 1

difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

Question 2

Deriving from the name itself, eu means “” while karyon means “” and pro means “_”

Answer 2

TRUE
NUCLEUS
BEFORE

Question 3

chromosomes are enclosed inside the nucleus

Answer 3

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 4

while prokaryotes’ DNA is found in a region called the nucleoid, which has no membrane

Answer 4

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 5

a semi-rigid cell wall is present and membrane-bound organelles with specialized functions are absent

Answer 5

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 6

get the energy they need to grow and maintain normal cellular function through cellular respiration.

Answer 6

EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS

Question 7

Cellular respiration has three main stages:

Answer 7

GLYCOLYSIS, THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE, AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT

Question 8

cellular respiration reactions take place within the mitochondria

Answer 8

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 9

cellular respiration occur in the cytoplasm and/or within the cell membrane

Answer 9

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 10

Cells contain _ and _

Answer 10

DNA & RNA

Question 11

the genetic information necessary for directing cellular activities

Answer 11

DNA and RNA

Question 12

DNA and RNA are molecules known as _.

Answer 12

nucleic acids

Question 13

are unicellular or single-celled organisms are the earliest and most primitive forms of life on Earth.

Answer 13

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 14

They are much simpler in cellular structure

Answer 14

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 15

may occur singly, in pairs, chains, cluster, aggregates, or colonies.

Answer 15

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 16

are extremely microscopic ranging from 1-10 µm in diameter

Answer 16

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 17

include bacteria and archaeans. Some species are rod- shaped (bacilli), spherical (cocci), spiral, etc.

Answer 17

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 18

can live in environments that would deadly to most other organisms. They are able to live and thrive in various extreme habitats.

Answer 18

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 19

live in areas such as hydrothermal vents, hot springs, swamps, wetlands, and even animal intestines.

Answer 19

ARCHAEANS

Question 20

Archaeans live in areas such as _, _, _, _, and even _.

Answer 20

HYDROTHERMAL VENTS, HOT SPRINGS, SWAMPS, WETLANDS, ANIMAL INTESTINES

Question 21

Scientist have estimated that about _ of all the cells in the body are bacteria.

Answer 21

95%

Question 22

The vast majority of these microbes can be found within the _

Answer 22

DIGESTIVE TRACT

Question 23

_ are beneficial bacteria that are found in _.

Answer 23

PROBIOTICS, DAIRY PRODUCTS

Question 24

They converts sugars such lactose into _ which aid in better _ and even acts as _.

Answer 24

LACTIC ACID, DIGESTION, THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION

Question 25

The single bacterial DNA molecule is not separated from the rest of the cell but coiled up in a region of the cytoplasm called the _

Answer 25

NUCLEIC REGION

Question 26

_ contains a few organelles (_) and none that are bound by a membrane.

Answer 26

PROKARYOTIC CELLS RIBOSOMES

Question 27

replicate by a process called binary fission.

Answer 27

MOST PROKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 28

This is a type of cloning process in which two identical cells are derived from a single cell

Answer 28

BINARY FISSION

Question 29

All multicellular organisms, including humans, are composed of complex or many cells are examples of _.

Answer 29

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 30

Kingdom Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia are the members of _

Answer 30

EUKARYOTIC LIVING CELLS

Question 31

that are 10-100 µm in diameter

Answer 31

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 32

have varying features in terms of composition, structure, and function of their cell organelles. For example, fungal cell is different from a plant cell in many aspects

Answer 32

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Question 33

Eukaryotic grow and reproduce through a process called _

Answer 33

MITOSIS

Question 34

The reproductive cells are produced by a type of cell division called _.

Answer 34

MEIOSIS

Question 35

Human cells contain _ pairs of chromosomes (for a total of _). There are _ pairs of autosomes (non sex chromosomes) and _ of sex chromosomes. The _ and _ sex chromosomes determine sex

Answer 35

23, 46, 22, one pair, X&Y

Question 36

1ST TABLE

Answer 36

PROKARYOTES Bacteria and Cyanobacteria Absent Loop of DNA in the cytoplasm Both synthesized in the same compartment No cytoskeleton, very few organelles present EUKARYOTES Protist(algae, amoeba), fungi(yeasts, molds), plants and animals Present Thin, very long DNA organized into chromosomes in the nucleus RNA synthesized in the nucleus while protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm Cytoskeleton present, many organelles. present Mainly unicellular Mainly sexual (mitosis and meiosis)

Question 37

2ND TABLE

Answer 37

PROKARYOTIC CELL YES YES NO ONE LONG DNA STRAND YES, SIMPLE NO NO NO NO NO NO YES TYPICAL ANIMAL EUKARYOTIC CELL YES NO YES MANY YES, COMPLEX YES (SOME EXCEPTIONS) YES COMMON YES YES COMMON YES