GEN CHEM 1 EXAM STUDY

Question 1

Possible explanation for an observation

Answer 1

hypothesis

Question 2

• explained the nuclear atom
• atom has a dense center (+) called nucleus
• electrons travel around the nucleus at a large distance relative to the nucleus

Answer 2

Ernest Rutherford (1911)

Question 3

( - law of conservation of mass (lavosier)
- mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
discovered that life was supported by a process that also involved oxygen and was similar in many ways to combustion ) - law 1

( -law of definite proportion (proust)
-a given compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass ) law 2

Answer 3

Fundamental chemical laws *three important laws

Question 4

first to attempt to explain why chemical changes occur

Answer 4

greeks

Question 5

• first “chemist”
• perfomed quantitavtive experiments
• developed first experimental defenition of an element

Answer 5

Robert Boyle

Question 6

russian chemist credited for the first workable periodic table ( based on increasing atomic mass)

Answer 6

Dimitri Mendeleev

Question 7

summary of repeatable observed (measured) behavior

Answer 7

law

Question 8

set of tested hypotheses that give an overall explanation of some natural phenomenon

Answer 8

theory ( model)

Question 9

has mass and occupies space with tiny particles called atoms

Answer 9

matter

Question 10

amount of space occupied by a material

Answer 10

volume

Question 11

region around the nuclues of an atom in which electrons move about

Answer 11

energy level or electron shell

Question 12

gas to liquid

Answer 12

condensation

Question 13

amount of matter in a material

Answer 13

mass

Question 14

form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties

Answer 14

substance

Question 15

• primary goal was cathode ray tube experiment was to understand the structure of an atom
• assumptions= all atoms must contain electrons
• atoms must contain some amount of (+) charge
• atoms were known to be electrically neutral

Answer 15

the development of the plum pudding model ( J.J. Thomson)

Question 16

visibly indistinguishable parts, also called a solution

Answer 16

homogeneous mixture

Question 17

• doscoveered radioactive activity by observing the spontaneuous emission of radiation by uranium
  gamma rays (Y) high energy light
  beta particles (B) high speed electron
  alpha particles (a) particle with 2+ charge

Answer 17

Henri becquerel (1896)

Question 17

• carried out to test the accuracy of thomsons plum experiment
• involved directing (a) particles at a thin sheet of metal foil
• (a) particles will pass through the foil with minor deflections in their paths

Answer 17

Rutherford’s experiments

Question 18

performed experiment sinvolving charged oil drops
- determined the magnitude of the charge on a single electron
- calculated the mass of the elelctron ( 9.11x10^-31kg)

Answer 18

Robert Millikan (1909)

Question 19

penta

Answer 19

5

Question 19

atoms consist of a diffuse cloud of (+) charge with the (-) electrons embedded randomly in it

Answer 19

J.J Thomsons Plum pudding model

Question 20

each element is made up of tiny particles called atoms, given atoms are identical which is proven wrong

Answer 20

Daltons Atomic theory (1808)

Question 20

volume of gas is determined by the number, not the size of molecules

Answer 20

Avogadro’s hypothesis

Question 21

hepta

Answer 21

7

Question 22

hexa

Answer 22

6

Question 23

smallest compund particle

Answer 23

molecule

Question 24

_____ observation are called a measurement

Answer 24

quantitative

Question 25

calculated by water displacement or with a formula based on linear dimensions

Answer 25

solid volume

Question 26

two or more atoms joined and acting as a unit

Answer 26

molecule

Question 27

makes observations, formulates hypotheses, perform experiments

Answer 27

scientific method

Question 27

measured directly with a container

Answer 27

liquid volume

Question 28

_____ of a material is the ratio between its mass and volume

Answer 28

density

Question 29

tetra

Answer 29

10

Question 30

mono

Answer 30

1

Question 31

nona

Answer 31

9

Question 32

tri

Answer 32

3

Question 33

deca

Answer 33

10

Question 33

octa

Answer 33

8

Question 34

di

Answer 34

2

Question 35

property of matter that determines wheter heat can be transferred from one bidy to another

Answer 35

temperature

Question 35

smallest part of an element that is still that elememt

Answer 35

atom

Question 36

solid to liquid

Answer 36

melting

Question 37

liquid to gas

Answer 37

evaportaion

Question 38

gas to solid

Answer 38

deposition

Question 39

soild to gas

Answer 39

sublimation

Question 40

no fixed volume or shape, takes on shape and volume of its container, always in motion and occupies space

Answer 40

gas

Question 40

has fixed volume and shape, rigid

Answer 40

soild

Question 40

liquid to soilid

Answer 40

freezing

Question 40

definite volume, no shape assumes shape of its container

Answer 40

liquid

Question 41

the study of matter, its composition, structure, and changes in its composition

Answer 41

chemistry

Question 42

measure of the dsitance between 2 points

Answer 42

lenght

Question 43

visibly distingusihable parts

Answer 43

heterogenous mixture

Question 43

- postulated the existance of (-) charged particles aka electrons, using cathode ray tubes - discovered electrons - developed a visual of an atom - dtermined the mass ratio of an electron - atom must contain (+) partciles that balance exactly the (-) charge carried by electrons

Answer 43

J.J Thomsons (1898-1903)