GEN CHEM2

Question 1

molecules simply vibrate and rotate in place rather than move about.

Answer 1

Solid

Question 2

the molecules are not moving in the same manner as those in liquids or gases.

Answer 2

Solid

Question 3

generally held together by ionic or strong covalent bonding, and the attractive forces between the atoms, ions, or molecules are very strong.

Answer 3

Solid

Question 4

have definite shapes and definite volumes and are not compressible to any extent.

Answer 4

solid

Question 5

have a regular, highly ordered arrangement

Answer 5

Crystalline solids

Question 6

have a random, disordered arrangement.

Answer 6

Amorphous solids

Question 6

arranged in fixed geometric patterns or lattices.

Answer 6

Crystalline solids

Question 7

Examples of crystalline solids

Answer 7

ice and sodium chloride (NaCl), copper sulfate (CuSO4), diamond, graphite, and sugar (C12H22O11).

Question 8

The structures of crystalline solids are built from repeating units called

Answer 8

crystal lattices.

Question 9

have a random orientation of particles.

Answer 9

Amorphous solids

Question 10

Examples of amorphous solids are

Answer 10

glass, plastic, coal, and rubber.

Question 11

They are considered super-cooled liquids where molecules are arranged in a random manner similar to the liquid state.

Answer 11

Amorphous solids

Question 12

Crystal structure of a solid can be determined by—.This process provides information on bond lengths and angles.

Answer 12

x-ray diffraction

Question 13

pioneered the work on X-ray crystallography and were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915.

Answer 13

William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg

Question 14

relatively small repeating unit that is made up of a unique arrangement of atoms and embodies the structure of the solid.

Answer 14

Unit cell

Question 15

has an identical environment. The positions of the lattice points are defined by the lattice vectors.

Answer 15

Lattice points

Question 16

Lattice points only at corners.

Answer 16

Primitive Cubic Lattice

Question 17

Lattice points at corners plus one lattice point in center of unit cell.

Answer 17

Body-centered cubic lattice

Question 18

Lattice points at corner plus one lattice point at the center of each face.

Answer 18

Face-centered cubic lattice

Question 19

different substances that crystallize in the same lattice with the same atomic arrangements

Answer 19

Isomorphous

Question 20

substances that crystalize in several arrangements

Answer 20

Polymorphous

Question 21

are crystals that are the same in two dimensions but different in the third

Answer 21

Polytypes

Question 22

are made of atoms that readily lose electrons to form positive ions (cations), but no atoms in the crystal would readily gain electrons.

Answer 22

Metallic crystals

Question 23

cations and anions form strong electrostatic interactions that hold the crystal lattice together.

Answer 23

Ionic crystals

Question 24

The atoms or molecules are held together by a mix of hydrogen bonding/dipole-dipole and dispersion forces, and these are the attractive forces that are broken when the crystal melts..

Answer 24

Molecular crystals

Question 25

are made of atoms in which each atom is covalently bonded to its nearest neighbors.

Answer 25

Covalent network crystals

Question 26

made up of layers of rings of carbon atoms.

Answer 26

Graphite