Gen Surg - OSCE Conditions Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the key symptoms of GORD?
Heartburn, regurgitation, dysphagia, chronic cough (worse at night), hoarseness, epigastric discomfort.
What makes GORD worse?
Spicy, fatty foods, coffee, alcohol, lying flat.
How do you differentiate GORD from cardiac chest pain?
GORD pain is burning, postprandial, and improves with antacids; cardiac pain radiates to the left arm and does not respond to antacids.
What are the differences between gastric and duodenal ulcers?
Gastric ulcer: Pain worse after eating.
Duodenal ulcer: Pain relieved by food, but worsens hours later.
What medications increase the risk of PUD?
NSAIDs, steroids, aspirin.
What are red flag symptoms in suspected PUD?
Weight loss, early satiety, haematemesis/melena.
What are the hallmark symptoms of an upper GI bleed?
Haematemesis (bright red or coffee-ground), melena, dizziness, hypotension
What are the most common causes of an upper GI bleed?
Peptic ulcers, oesophageal varices, gastritis, Mallory-Weiss tear.
How do you differentiate an upper GI bleed from a lower GI bleed?
Upper GI bleed → Melena (black, tarry stools).
Lower GI bleed → Bright red rectal bleeding.
What are the key symptoms of gallbladder disease?
RUQ pain, radiates to right shoulder, postprandial pain (fatty food), nausea, vomiting
What additional symptoms suggest acute cholecystitis?
Fever, Murphy’s sign positive, persistent pain.
What symptoms suggest choledocholithiasis?
Jaundice, dark urine, pale stools, RUQ pain
What are the two most common causes of acute pancreatitis?
Gallstones, alcohol
What are the causes of Pancreatitis?
I GET SMASHED
Idiopathic
Gall stones
Ethanol
Trauma
Scorpion
MUMPS/ Malignancy
Autoimmune
Steroid use
Hypercalcaemia/hypertriglycerdemia
Ercp
Drugs/medications
Describe the pain of acute pancreatitis
Severe epigastric pain radiating to the back, worse when lying flat, relieved by sitting forward
What are the systemic features of severe pancreatitis?
Nausea, vomiting, hypotension, tachycardia, fever
How do the symptoms of Crohn’s and Ulcerative Colitis differ?
Crohn’s: Non-bloody diarrhoea, RLQ pain, perianal disease, skip lesions.
UC: Bloody diarrhoea, diffuse or LLQ pain, continuous colonic involvement
What extra-intestinal features may be present in IBD?
Joint pain, eye inflammation, erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum
How does IBD differ from IBS?
IBD has systemic symptoms (weight loss, anaemia, fever, rectal bleeding), whereas IBS does not.
What are the red flag symptoms of CRC?
Change in bowel habits, PR bleeding (mixed with stool), iron deficiency anaemia, weight loss
What is a late sign of colorectal cancer?
“Pencil-thin stools” due to obstruction
What is the most common risk factor for CRC?
Family history, inflammatory bowel disease
What are the hallmark symptoms of diverticulitis?
LLQ pain, fever, diarrhoea/constipation
How does diverticulitis differ from IBD?
Diverticulitis is acute, while IBD is chronic with systemic symptoms
