genbio1 exam 1

Question 1

what defines life?

Answer 1

composed of cells, have metabolism, respond to stimuli, reproduce, grow/develop, homeostasis, adapt

Question 2

catabolism

Answer 2

breakdown reactions

Question 3

anabolism

Answer 3

synthesis reactions

Question 4

atoms

Answer 4

smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of the element (C,O,N,H)

Question 5

molecules

Answer 5

2 or more atoms bonded together (H2O)

Question 6

macromolecules

Answer 6

very large molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)

Question 7

organelles

Answer 7

structure in a cell that performs particular function

Question 8

cells

Answer 8

smallest collection of matter that can live

Question 9

tissues

Answer 9

collection of cells that carry out a function (epithelium, muscle, connective, nervous)

Question 10

organs

Answer 10

collection of 2 or more tissues (heart, liver)

Question 11

organ system

Answer 11

2 or more organs (respiratory, digestive)

Question 12

populations

Answer 12

all individuals of a species in a defined region

Question 13

community

Answer 13

all living things in a defined region

Question 14

ecosystem

Answer 14

all living and non living things in a region

Question 15

biosphere

Answer 15

includes all ecosystems

Question 16

DNA

Answer 16

heritable material; organized into structures called chromosomes- genes

Question 17

cell membrane

Answer 17

controls what enters and leaves a cell

Question 18

ribosomes

Answer 18

organelles that synthesis proteins

Question 19

cytoplasm

Answer 19

fluid in the cell

Question 20

taxonomy

Answer 20

branch of biology that is focused on organism classification

Question 21

classification

Answer 21

dkpcofgs- domain, kingdom, phylem, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 22

4 kingdoms of eukarya

Answer 22

fungi, plantae, animalia, protista

Question 22

domains of life

Answer 22

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 23

discovery/ descriptive science

Answer 23

-requires observation and data analysis
-describing of natural phenomenon
-induction: generalizing conclusions based on observation and analysis

Question 24

hypothesis based science

Answer 24

-explaining natural phenomenon -deduction: premises-conclusion-specific-general

Question 25

hypothesis

Answer 25

tentative explanation to a tentative question

Question 26

matter

Answer 26

anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 27

mass

Answer 27

amount of matter an object has

Question 28

weight

Answer 28

grav. pull on the matter

Question 29

compund

Answer 29

2 or more elements combined in a fixed ratio

Question 30

atomic number

Answer 30

number of protons in an element

Question 31

mass number

Answer 31

number of protons and neutrons in an element

Question 32

atomic mass

Answer 32

average of all the naturally occurring isotopes of that element

Question 33

isotopes

Answer 33

forms of atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 34

kinetic energy

Answer 34

ability to do work and cause change

Question 35

potential energy

Answer 35

stored energy (position)

Question 36

ions

Answer 36

charged atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons

Question 37

cation

Answer 37

positive charge, lost electron

Question 38

anion

Answer 38

negative charge, gain electron

Question 39

electronegativity

Answer 39

how strongly an atom pulls on its electrons

Question 40

covalent bond

Answer 40

the sharing of an e- from one atom with an e- from another atoms to fill an orbit

Question 41

nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 41

equal sharing of electrons

Question 42

polar covalent bond

Answer 42

unequal sharing of electrons

Question 43

ionic bond

Answer 43

bond that forms between oppositely charged atoms (ions)

Question 44

hydrogen bonds

Answer 44

froms between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom then attracted to a second electronegative atom

Question 45

van de waals interaction

Answer 45

weak attractions between molecules and within molecules due to localized charge charge fluncuations

Question 46

chemical reactions

Answer 46

making and breaking of chemical bonds leading to changes in the composition of matter

Question 47

buffers

Answer 47

substances that help minimize pH change by donating or accepting protons from the solution

Question 48

isomers

Answer 48

compounds that have the same # of atoms of the same elements but different structures and different properties

Question 49

structural isomers

Answer 49

differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms

Question 50

geometric isomers

Answer 50

have the same covalent partnerships but differ in spatial arrangements

Question 51

enantiomers

Answer 51

mirror images of each other

Question 52

monomers

Answer 52

the repeating units that serve as building blocks of polymers

Question 53

polymers

Answer 53

large molecules consisting of many similar or identical monomers- linked covalently

Question 54

monosaccharides

Answer 54

have a carbonyl plus multiple hydroxyl groups

Question 55

disaccharides

Answer 55

molecules that consist of 2 monosaccharides covalently bonded together- glycosidic linkage

Question 56

polysaccharides

Answer 56

a polymer of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic linkage

Question 57

lipids

Answer 57

these are molecules with hydrophobic properties

Question 58

3 types of lipids

Answer 58

fats, phospholipids, steroids

Question 59

saturated fatty acids

Answer 59

no double bonded C

Question 60

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 60

at least 1 C=C

Question 61

phospholipids

Answer 61

phosphate group, glycerol, 2 fatty acid charms

Question 62

steroids

Answer 62

characterized by carbon skeletons consisting of 4 fused rings

Question 63

proteins

Answer 63

polymers of amino acids