Gender Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are sex role stereotypes?
types of qualities and characteristics seen as appropriate for each sex.
How are sex role expectations taught?
The way children of different genders are handles with males being treated more physically. Different games/types of play are also seen as expected of different genders.
What is Androgyny?
Involves having both male and female characteristics.
What is the Bem Sex role inventory?
A self report designed to measure androgyny. Consists of 60 items rated on a 7 point scale. 20 masculine 20 Feminine and 20 Neutral.
What are chromosomes?
Structures o nucleic acids and proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells that contain genetic information.
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream from glands.
What is testosterone?
A steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
What is oestrogen?
A group of steroid hormones which promotes the development and maintenance of the female characteristics in the body.
What is oxytocin?
A polypeptide hormone which acts also as a neurotransmitter that controls key aspects of the reproductive system,
What is Klinefelter’s Syndrome?
A chromosomal condition that affects make physiology and cognitive development and involves having an extra X chromosome.
What are characteristics of Klinefelter’s?
-Lack facial hair
-development of breast tissue
-infertile
-disproportionate limbs
-poor language skills
What is Turner’s Syndromes?
A chromosomal condition that affects female physical development and involves only having one complete X chromosome in each cell.
What are characteristics of Turners syndrome?
-Short stature
- Webbed Back and neck
-Broad chest
-Organ abnormalities
-Non functioning ovaries
What is Kohlberg’s theory of gender develeopment?
Perceives children as developing an understanding of gender in stages, with gender-role behaviour apparent only after an understanding emerges that gender is fixed and constant. Once gender constancy is achieves, children value the behaviour and attitudes associated with their behaviour which leads to imitation of same sex role models.
What are the three stages of Kohlberg’s theory?
Stage1. Gender Labelling
Stage2. Gender Stability
Stage 3. Gender Constancy
What happens in Gender Labelling?
Occurs between 18 months an 3 years and refers to children recognition of being male or female which allows them to categorise the world.
What happens in Gender stability?
By the ages 3-5 most children recognise that people retain gender for life, but rely on superficial, physical signs to determine gender.
What happens in Gender Constancy?
By age of 6-7 children realise that gender is permanent.
What is Gender schema theory?
An explanation of gender development that sees gender identity alone as providing children with motivation to assume sex-typed behaviour patterns.
What is the psychodynamic explanation for gender development?
An explanation of gender development that sees gender identity and role as acquired during the phallic stage where the focus of the libido moves to the genitals and gender identity develops through the resolution of either the Oedipus or Electra complex.
What is the Oedipus Complex?
The arousal in boys of unconscious sexual desire for their mother and fear and dislike of their farther.
What is the Electra Complex?
The arousal in boys of unconscious sexual desire for their mother and dislike of their mother.
What is identification?
The process of acquiring the characteristics of the same sex parent.
What is internalisation?
The incorporation of the same sex parent into an individuals personality.
