Gender Flashcards
(23 cards)
Her research shows a fundamental shift in women’s values and it is so powerful that it creates a ‘gender quake’ -led to the ‘feminisation of the woman’s work place’ which has given a revolution to the ambitions of women
Wilkinson
Suggests that young female are becoming more assertive of their rights and prioritise education above marriage and family-some women divorce in order to escape the traditional housewife role
Sharpe
Flexibility and convergence for both men and women in their gender roles, young people are moving away from gender stereotypes and trying out both masculine and feminine character traits
Wilkinson
Argues that women don’t have equal access to top jobs coz they are expected to look after the home, child and do chores
Walter
Women are more religious than men- females are submissive, obi diner and nurturing, these norms and values are taught in religion, women have more time for religion as they have lower rates of work participation
Watson
Interviews 3 Muslim women-they found the veil liberating-less chance of being objectified
Watson
Working class males had no insecurities of their purpose as men as hemeogenic masculinity was no longer relevant/
Mac an ghail
Documented Three forms of masculinity-complicit-believe men and women should have conjugal roles
Subordinate-.gay
Marginalised-try to follow hegemonic masculinity despite not fitting the criteria
Connell
Content analysis in young women’s magazines from 1949-80 and found they promoted a traditional idea of femininity and that girls should try and be beautiful
Ferguson
Content analysis on young women’s magazines-encouraged them to be assertive confident and supportive
Mcrobbie
Found there is strong evidence that women are represented by a broader range of roles however gender in the media shows women are expected to be sexy and stylish
Gauntlett
Found masculine identity is linked with many men as being builders
Billing ton
Teenagers in London schools stress on looking good, he argues this isn’t natural femininity, it is forced soon them, if they do not do it they will be called slags
Lees
Found representation of women in media is biased- over emphasises women’s domestic, sexual, consumer and martial activities and excludes everything else-unlike men
Tunstall
Found changes in media: an increase in the proportion of main female characters from 18% in 92 to 43% in 95. Women’s Main representation As a housewife was only 3% and a marked shift towards equality(men and women characters were seen equal)
Gauntlett
Claimed education was seen as a major source of gender inequality. Because of this he found the female identity taught in the 70s was ‘love, marriage, husbands, children, jobs and career’ in that order
Sharpe
In a primary school she found posters and artwork of boys being naughty and girls being good, boys taught to be violent in p.e and girls referred to as “sweetheart” and boys as “you” or “that boy”.
Sharpe
Found Hegemonic masculinity means dominant, competitive and strong, it’s the traditional male attitude
Connell
Discovered primary school boys construct alternate forms of masculinity-academic, artistic, this conflicts with hemeogenic masculinity so they adopt strategies to prevent looking feminine
Renold
Argues that men have a biologically inbuilt ‘dominance tendency’-this is why they occupy the top roles in society.
Goldberg
Discovered in tribes from new Guinea- murdugamor:male/female=masculine
Arapesh:male/female=feminine
Tchambull:reverse stereotypes
Mead
Family pushing gender stereotypes:
Manipulation:they encourage or discourage gender appropriate behaviour(boys don’t cry)
Canalisation:the way in which parents channel children’s interests into gender appropriate activities(girls-dance.boys-football)
Oakley
Found it was almost impossible for children to overcome the cultural pressure of all social control agents pushing gender stereotypes
Stantham
