Gender And Ethnic Identity Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is gender identity?
Gender identity is seen as fluid and always changing.
What do most sociologists argue about gender?
Most sociologists argue that gender is a social construct, learned through socialization.
What does the biological view suggest about gender differences?
The biological view suggests reproductive needs lead to differences, such as men being more promiscuous and women nurturing.
What roles do functionalists like Parsons attribute to females and males?
Functionalists argue females have an expressive role (nurturing) and males an instrumental role (breadwinner/protector) in the family.
What do feminists argue about gender identity?
Feminists argue that gender identity is socially constructed by the patriarchy, reinforcing stereotypical expectations.
How do socialization agencies reinforce gender stereotypes?
Socialization agencies like peer groups reinforce these stereotypes.
What did Hey’s study show about female peer groups?
Hey’s study showed how female peer groups regulate behaviour and are rooted in patriarchal expectations.
What did Mac an Ghail explore regarding boys and masculinity?
Mac an Ghail explored how boys learn masculinity in peer groups, policing their own sexuality.
What are the two ways families socialize children into gender roles according to Ann Oakley?
Manipulation and Canalization.
What is ‘ladette culture’?
‘Ladette culture’ refers to an increase in female risk-taking behaviour among girls, challenging traditional stereotypes.
What does Connell note about masculine identities today?
Connell notes a range of masculine identities today, but hegemonic masculinity remains the most reinforced.
What is the ‘crisis of masculinity’?
The ‘crisis of masculinity’ refers to insecurity among working-class men due to the decline of traditional jobs.
How is ethnic identity linked to Cultural Hybridity?
Ethnic identity is often linked to Cultural Hybridity, where individuals mix aspects of two or more cultures.
What examples illustrate hybrid identities among immigrants?
‘Brasian’ (British and Asian) and ‘Blasian’ (Black and Asian) identities.
What role do traditional values play in the identity of second-generation Asians in the UK?
Traditional values and family play a significant role in their upbringing and identity.
What does Gilroy’s concept of the ‘Black Atlantic’ describe?
An identity not solely rooted in the UK or their country of origin, shaped by shared experiences of racism.
What is ‘white backlash’ according to Hewitt?
A reaction from some white working-class people feeling the need to defend their ethnic identity due to perceived favouritism towards ethnic minorities.
What did Brah argue about British Asians?
Brah argued British Asians are skilled ‘code switchers’, negotiating their identities across cultures.
What did Cashmore and Troyna find regarding ethnic minorities?
They found that ethnic minorities may turn inwards to their community for support against racism.
What does Winston James suggest about racism in the UK?
Racism can unify African-Caribbeans despite differences in their island origins or skin tone.
What did Jacobson find about young Pakistanis and their identity?
Young Pakistanis may adopt a strong Islamic identity as a response to social exclusion.
How do postmodernists view identity in a globalised society?
They argue that identity is about choice and hybridity makes ethnicity less significant.
