gender and identity

Question 1

the biological view of gender - wilson

Answer 1

the need to reproduce requires men to be promiscuous and women need to nurture one child and stay faithful to the husband and father of the child

Question 2

functionalist view of gender- parsons

Answer 2

females have an expressive role based on childbearing abilities and is reinforced by socialisation
men have an instrumental role of the breadwinner and protector based on physical strength

Question 3

feminist view on gender construction

Answer 3

gender identities are socially constructed through a patriarchal society, it creates adn reinforces stereotypes of how males and females should be

Question 4

hey 1997

Answer 4

friendship groups among teenage girls showed how much power they had on girls behaviour - norms are deeply rooted in patriarchy

Question 5

mac an ghaill - boys

Answer 5

they learn to be men in peer groups by policing sexuality - hyper masculinity

Question 6

hyper masculinity

Answer 6

main source of identity for macho lads who valued fighting, football and f—ing

Question 7

femininities - oakley

Answer 7

1. manipulation: parents encouraging behaviour that is seen as steretypically acceptable for the childs gender and discouraging the opposite
2. canalisation: parents channeling childrens interest to whats considered the norm for their gender
3. verbal appellation: nicknames that reinforce the gender expectations
4. activities: encouraging games that are seen as suitable for the stereotypical gender

Question 8

changing femininities - campaigns

Answer 8

• ban bossy: assertive boys is seen as leadership yet girls is associated with bossy

Question 9

changing femininities - jackson

Answer 9

laddishness refers to masculine behaviour carried out by females
ladettes - spent time drinking, smoking, swearing and disrupting lessons

Question 10

changing femininities - denscombe

Answer 10

increase in female risk taking and ladette behaviour

Question 11

masculinities - fauldi

Answer 11

spur posse: group of young males who gained notoriety in US
- game of sleeping with as many girl to gain points
- one charged with the rape of a 12 y/o
- ‘well she had a body’

Question 12

masculinities - connell

Answer 12

• hegemonic masculinity: macho, dominant, aggressive and breadwinner
• subordinate masculinity: linked to homosexual males
• marginalised masculinity: linked to unemployed men and are not fully accepted as real masculinity

Question 13

changing masculinities - mac an ghaill

Answer 13

crisis of masculinity refers to the insecurity felt by men as there is a loss of breadwinner identity with a decline of traditional male industries

Question 14

changing masculinities - canaan

Answer 14

researched working class men in wolverhampton
- employed men see fighting, drinking and sexual experiences as most important
- unemployed men see having a job as the most important thing adn feel emasculated due to unemployement