Gender And Sexual Identity

Question 1

What are OAKLEY’S key concepts?

Answer 1

Manipulation
Canalisation
Domestic Activities
Verbal Appellations

Question 2

What does OAKLEY believe?

Answer 2

That primary socialisation is key to developing gender identity within the family.

Question 3

What is MANIPULATION (Oakley)?

Answer 3

Encouraging and discouraging certain behaviours regarding gender.

Question 4

What is CANALISATION (Oakley)?

Answer 4

Directing toy, clothes and play choices

Question 5

What is VERBAL APPELLATIONS (Oakley)?

Answer 5

Parents using stereotypical characteristics / descriptions

Question 6

What is DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES (Oakley)?

Answer 6

Expectations around responsibilities

Daughters should be house wives etc.

Question 7

What are MCROBBIE’S key concepts?

Answer 7

“Cult of femininity” and “bedroom culture”

Question 8

What does MCROBBIE suggest?

Answer 8

That subcultures are MALE DOMINATED, hence why there isn’t any research into girls

Question 9

Who did MCROBBIE study?

Answer 9

46 working class girls ages 14-16.

Who had a restricted future

Question 10

What is NAKUAMARA’S key concept?

Answer 10

“Forum for support”

Question 11

What did NAKUAMARA find?

Answer 11

That women are significantly stereotyped in the media and that they use the media as a way of seeking help when they face discrimination.

Question 12

What does BILLINGTON argue?

Answer 12

That the media presents genders in different ways.
Males are dominant.
Femininity is subordinate

Question 13

What are BILLINGTON’S key concepts?

Answer 13

Femininity is subordinate

Masculinity is dominant

Question 14

What are MITSOS and BROWN’s key concepts?

Answer 14

“Culture of Masculinity”

“Anti-learning culture”

Question 15

What do MITSOS and BROWN suggest?

Answer 15

Suggest that teachers label boys as disruptive .

Anti learning culture is reinforced by socialising students into gender roles.

Question 16

What is SKELTON’S key concept?

Answer 16

“Hidden curriculum”

Question 17

What does SKELTON say about the “hidden curriculum”

Answer 17

That it is responsible for students’ subject choices towards their gender.

Boys : PE, Maths
Girls : Photography, Art

Question 18

What does MAC an GHAIL study?

Answer 18

Working class boys in the inner city in the Midlands and their values.

Question 19

What does WILLIS study explain?

Answer 19

How the 12 working class boys he studied didn’t value education and looked into how they behaved.

Question 20

What is WILLIS’s key concept?

Answer 20

Anti school subculture

Question 21

What is COLLEY’s study about?

Answer 21

That we are socialised into masculine or feminine identity. There are tasks within the subject that make us choose certain subjects.

Question 22

What is COLLEY’s key concept?

Answer 22

“Perception of Gender Roles”

“Subject preferences”

Question 23

What is KELLY’s study about?

Answer 23

How science is packaged as a boys subject. Text books include images such as footballs and cars.

Question 24

What is a CRITICISM of KELLY’s research?

Answer 24

STEM exists - there is equality and diversity training.

Question 25

What is ADKINS’s study about?

Answer 25

How the labour market had a gendered character and that there were expectations within a theme park to do certain roles?

Question 26

What does ADKINS concept of HORIZONTAL SEGREGATION mean?

Answer 26

The expectations to do different jobs

Question 27

What does ADKINS concept of VERTICAL SEGREGATION mean?

Answer 27

Men and women are expected to do the same jobs but men have higher status

Question 28

What did ADKINS find?

Answer 28

That female employers were subjected to facing sexual harassment.

Question 29

What did MCCORMACK look into?

Answer 29

6th form colleges and the attitudes to sexuality.

Question 30

What did MCCORMACK find?

Answer 30

It was a more positive and accepting environment.

Question 31

What does WEEKS discuss?

Answer 31

How it’s not the norm to be gay or lesbian. It’s something you need to announce when talking about yourself.

Question 32

What is RICH’s key concept?

Answer 32

Compulsory Heterosexuality

Question 33

What does RICH discuss?

Answer 33

Women’s sexuality is oppressed by men’s. Believe that the majority of women are not inheritely heterosexual. Lesbian identity is written out of existence.

Question 34

What is PLUMMER’s key concept? And what does it mean?

Answer 34

“Homosexual career” Men accepting the label of homosexual and will seek to join a subculture where stereotypical homosexual characteristics become the norm

Question 35

What does PLUMMER see homosexuality as?

Answer 35

A process.