Gender Bias Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is gender bias?
differential treatment of sexes based on stereotypes, not actual differences
What is Alpha bias
tendency to exaggerate differences between sexes, leading to one sex being devalued
What is beta bias
tendency to minimise differences between sexes, leading to one sex being ignored
How do you combat gender bias
Universality.
An example of alpha bias
Freud’s research
Why is Freud’s research alpha bias
women = failed males so have ‘penis envy’
Penis envy means they are morally worse than men
He exaggerates the differences between the sexes
Females devalued
An example of beta bias
Kohlberg
Why is Kohlbergs research beta bias
studied male moral development
concluded all humans have a ‘justice orientation’
He assumed both sexes are the same
E.g of androcentrism
What are the two main AO3 points?
Feminist psych & Research methods
Whats feminist psychology
Counter androcentric studies by encouraging women with its findings
Who found women were less effective leaders
What would fem psychs do with that finding
Eagley
Suggest women should receive more training to be better leaders
Discussion for fem psych
Reverse alpha bias
What is reverse alpha bias
emphasises where women are better than men
What did Cornwall say
How is the findings used
Women are better at learning
to challenge gender stereotypes and change preconceptions
Why is research methods an issue in gender bias (study)
Rosenthal found male researchers were more encouraging to female pp so they performed better
Why is Rosenthals study into research methods a weakness
because clear researcher effects that affect validity of any experiment
Discussion for research methods
Worrells criteria
What are Worrells criteria used for
And what are they
To avoid gender bias
Study women in real life settings, make sure they are active pp and are a range of ethnicities
AO3+ point…
In past gender differences fixed and inevitable so used for political advantage
Who found that when women attended university their ovaries would shrivel
Walkerdine
