Gender inequalities 40 marker SI

Question 1

What do functionalists argue that men and women have different what within society?

Answer 1

Roles

Question 2

functionalist

Parsons 1956 - sex role differentiation theory

men and women have different roles

Answer 2

• women = expressive roles provide domestic duties
• men = instrumental roles provide economic support
• society runs smoothly
• explains why men and women experience labour market differently

Question 3

functionalists

How does Murdock support Parson’s view?

men and women have different roles

Answer 3

His cross-cultural comparison of over 200 societies concuded that the gendered dvision of roles within the nuclear family is the most functional

Question 4

functionalists

Davis and Moore - human capital theory

gender pay gap is meritocratic

Answer 4

• men have more human capital than women as they develop skills, knowledge and qualifications
• women have less human capital as more likely to take time off work
• differences in average pay is a legitimate and meritocratic result of human capital

Question 5

New right

Murray agrees with which viewpoint

Answer 5

functionalist

Question 6

New right

What does Murray argue?

Answer 6

conventional nulear families and gender division of roles is desireable and based off of biological differences

Question 7

New right

What concerns does Murray express?

Answer 7

Recent changes to gender roles such as single-mother families are a concern as children miss out on seeing the fathers roles, thus having a negative impact on the behaviour of the children.

Question 8

New right

Who has similar views to Murray?

Answer 8

Schlaffly

Question 9

New right

What does Schlafly say?

Answer 9

• disagreed with second wave feminists as it is propaganda
• increase of females entering workforce would have detrimental effect
• marriage and motherhood are most fulfilling roles for women
• reduced nu,ber of women in high paying roles is because of how women choose to prioritise family over work

Question 10

Liberal feminists view on patriarchy

Answer 10

patriarchy is rooted in the public sphere of education, work and politics

Question 11

Marxist feminist view on patriarchy

Answer 11

Patriarchy is casued by capitalism as gender inequality benefits the smooth running of the capitalist system

Question 12

Radical feminist views on patriarchy

Answer 12

Patriarchy is rooted in the private sphere of family life, particularly in marriage and the nuclear family

Question 13

Postmodern feminists view on patriarchy

Answer 13

patrisrchy can be experiences differently depending on womens class, age and ethnicity

Question 14

first wave of feminism

Answer 14

• 1800s-1900s
• reforming social and legal inequalities eg right to vote, right to education
• suffragist and suffragette movement

Question 15

second wave of feminism

Answer 15

• 1960s-90s
• challenged social and cultural norms in society that a woman’s role is domestic
• greater divisions emerging within feminism ie radical feminism

Question 16

third wave of feminism

Answer 16

There can be no single approach to feminism because women can experience inequality differently eg intersection of gender and ethnicity

Question 17

fourth wave of feminism

Answer 17

• Existance debatable
• formed in 2008
• using digital communications to build a feminism movement online

Question 18

feminism

gender inequality is mainly as a result of gender role socialisation

Answer 18

Oakly argued that boys and girls are socialised into traditionally girly and boyish things
- manipulation
- canalisation
- domestic activities
- verbal appelations

Question 19

liberal feminists

What did Mary Wollstonecraft argue?

Answer 19

all men and women are born equL nd should be aworded the same opportunities

Question 20

liberal feminists

Friedman - ‘The Feminine Mystique’ book

Answer 20

• challenged norms about womens roles
• campaigned for government to aid in women searching for a career eg funding for early year childcare

Question 21

liberal feminists

McIntosh - ‘career penalty’

Answer 21

• nursing study
• women denied career opportunities because of the stereotypes associated with women vs men
• leads to glass ceiling effect

Question 22

Liberal feminists believe that patriarchy will be eliminated by what?

Answer 22

the government taking measures to reduce gender inequality in the workplace

Question 23

Marxist feminism

Benston - traditional gender roles benefit bourgeoisie

patriarchy is caused by capitalism

Answer 23

• if a wife looks after her husband then he is more likely to be productive at work
• thus creating more profit for bourgeoisie
• also less likely to challenge unfair working conditions

Question 24

marxists feminism

Beechy

It suits capitalists for large numbers of women to be out of work

Answer 24

• women seen as ‘reserve army labour’ by the ruling elite
• eg spare workforce during ww2

Question 25

# weberian theory What do Marxist feminists see would cause the destruction of patriarchy?

Answer 25

a revolution to abolish capitalism

Question 26

What do radical feminists agree that?

Answer 26

workplace inequality is due to the patriarchal structure of society

Question 27

What do radical feminists argue is the root cause of patriarchy?

Answer 27

The 'private sphere' of family life eg nuclear families

Question 28

How do radical feminists use the term 'the personal is political' ?

Answer 28

Express the idea that what happens within the home has wider reprocussions, tending to reinforce the idea of female inferiority

Question 29

example of 'the personal is political'

Answer 29

if women do the majority of domestic work, this leaves them less time to persue careers and be economically dependant on their husbands

Question 30

What is a problem of children being raised in nuclear families?

Answer 30

They may think it's normal for men to work and for women to stay at home

Question 31

What do postmodern feminists argue the importance of?

Answer 31

Intersectionality, which means that patriarchy can be experienced differently depending on a woman's class, age or ethnicity

Question 32

Why do postmodern feminists critisize other feminists?

Answer 32

for failing to see the wide range of factors leading to gender inequality

Question 33

**bell hooks** - women of different ethnicities and classes have been ignored by mainstream feminism

Answer 33

- women have multiple overlapping identities - generalising female experience is pointless - eg 'women of colour' experience racial and sexual discrimination, which is ignored

Question 34

Who could be used to support the weberianst view that women are disadvantaged in terms of class and market situation ?

Answer 34

**McIntosh** - 'career penalty' **Barron and Norris** - dual labour market theory

Question 35

Who could be used to support the weberianst view that women are disadvantaged in terms of party?

Answer 35

**Wilson** - lack of access to networking opportunities old boys network - male dominated eg Bullingdon club

Question 36

Who could be used to support the weberianst view that women are disadvantaged in terms of status?

Answer 36

Barron and Norris - overrepresentation of women in secondary labour market can lead to percieved lowerd satus eg 1 woman in supreme court