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Sociology Families And Households > Gender Roles > Flashcards

Gender Roles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the domestic division of labour ?

A

The domestic division of labour are the roles of men and women play in the household for example housework, childcare and paid work.

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2
Q

What are Parsons roles?

I Man ) ( E Woman

A

The instrumental man and the expressive woman.

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3
Q

What is Parsons instrumental man?

A

Parsons instrumental man is that the husband is leading towards achieving success at work so that he can provide for his family. He is the breadwinner.

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4
Q

What is Parsons expressive woman?

A

Parsons expressive woman is that the wife focuses on the primary socialisation of the children and meeting the family’s emotional needs. She is the housewife rather than the wage earner.

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5
Q

Apart from Parsons functionalist view who else would agree that the division of labour is beneficial?

A

The New Right

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6
Q

What do feminists think about Parsons view on the division of labour?

A

They reject Parsons view that the division of labour is natural and they argue it only benefits men.

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7
Q

What did Young and Willmott say about Parsons view on the domestic division of labour?
(What has changed between men and Women ?)

A

They said things are changing and men do more and women now go to work.

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8
Q

What is Bolts view on the domestic division of labour? (2 Types of conjugal roles)

A

Bolt distinguishes between two types of conjugal roles within marriage: joint and segregated conjugal roles.

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9
Q

What are segregated conjugal roles? (Bolt)

A

This is when couples have separate roles. The male is the breadwinner and the female is the homemaker/carer. Their leisure activities tend to be separate.

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10
Q

What are joint conjugal roles? (Bolt)

A

Where the couple share tasks such as housework and childcare and spend their leisure time together.

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11
Q

What is Young and Wilmot’s symmetrical family? 

A

This is a march of progress view of the history of the family and they see family life gradually improving ,becoming more equal and democratic.

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12
Q

What three aspects of the symmetrical family makes the roles between husbands and wives more similar? (Young and Willmott)

A

1) Women now go out to work.This can be part time or full time.
2) men now help with the housework and childcare.
3) couples now spend their leisure time together instead of separately with workmates or female relatives.

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13
Q

Why do young and Wilmot see the rise of the symmetrical nuclear family in the past century?

A

1) There are changes in women’s position including married women going up to work.
2) more couples are living away from the communities in which they grew up in (Geographical Mobility)
3) New technology and labour.
4) highest standards of living.

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14
Q

Yes housework is beginning to be shared more equally. 

Improved living standards in the home?

A

Living standards such as DVDs, computers, the Internet, TVs and central heating has encouraged husbands and wives to be more home centred building the relationship and home.

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15
Q

Yes housework is beginning to be shared more equally.

The decline of close extended family in greater geographical and social mobility?

A

1) There is less pressure from Kin or cohabiting couples to maintain traditional roles and therefore can adopt new roles in a relationship.
2) no longer the separate male and female networks for male and female partners to mix with.
3) increase dependence on each other and the new roles avoid being fed by friends who knew them before they got married.

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16
Q

Yes housework is beginning to be shared more equally.

The improved status and rights of women?

A

1) Women have become more demanding that household tasks are shared.
2) Women are accepted as more equal as they are in paid employment.

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17
Q

Yes housework is beginning to be shared more equally.

The increase in the number of women working in paid employment?

A

1) increased independence and authority in the family with reduced time they spend on housework.
2) Laurie and Gershuny - Found wives moved into paid employment then did less housework meaning men had to do more.

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18
Q

No Housework is not shared equally

Oakley. Who rejected the notion of a symmetrical family?

A

The patriarchy is a major characteristic of modern nuclear families and women still occupy a dependent role within the family.

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19
Q

No housework is not shared equally.

Research by Craig ?

A

1) Found that women do more housework than men

2)  inequality begins when a couple moving together and before they have children (Partnership Penalty)
3) Wives unpaid domestic labour rises as the husband has less housework when couples marry.
4) The decision in having a baby results in being wore off financially (Mother Penalty)

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20
Q

No housework is not shared equally.

Galim and Thompson ?

A

There is an incomplete gender revolution with 8 out of 10 married women carrying out more household chores than the men

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21
Q

No housework is not shared equally.

A survey conducted by mumsnet in 2014?

A

Found women did double the housework than men despite having a full day of work and the 81% of women are responsible for organising Christmas.

22
Q

No housework is not shared equally.

A survey of 1000 men and women by the BBC in 2014 that argue that modern marriage was characterised by chorework?

A

There is constant conflict between partners over domestic chores and many admitted that they were regularly arguing with partners over the housework

23
Q

No housework is not shared equally.

Women today are experiencing a second shift or dual burden with regard to housework?

A

Women experience double the burden of trying to be effective at both paid and unpaid jobs. Their Job and the Housework.

24
Q

No housework is not shared equally.

Green’s finding that wives visually interpret leisure time as time free from both there jobs and housework ?

A

Women felt that they were on call with regards to domestic duties and childcare 24 hours a day as well as husband same time outside of work as a leisure time.

25
Q

 No housework is not shared equally.
CHILDCARE
Mary Bowen - Responsibility for children ?

A

Men have less involvement in childcare. Bolton says that the wives remain the primary responsibility for their children.

26
Q

No housework is not shared equally.

CHILDCARE - Braun, Vincent and Ball ?

A

Men’s involvement is still limited and there was a tendency to refer to the mothers for instructions and reassurance.

27
Q

No housework is not shared equally.

EMOTION WORK- What is emotion work ?

A

This is thinking about the emotional well-being and happiness of the household and acting in ways that will be beneficial to others.This might include:

1) Sustaining relationships between the father and the children.
2) Hugging family members and reassuring them of love
3) Planning social events
4) Buying presents or cards for birthdays
5) Soothing over arguments
6) Complementing family members over achievements

28
Q

No housework is not shared equally.

EMOTION WORK- Duncombe and Marsden ?

A

They said there is a triple shift between housework, paid work and emotional work

29
Q

What are the consequences for women of an unequal share of housework and childcare?

A

1) Low pay

2) Part time work
3) Women looking after sick children
4) Limited in jobs they can do and there career can suffer.

30
Q

What is Edgell’s study in decision making ?

A

Decision-making in nuclear families could be allocated to 3 broad categories

31
Q

What are the three broad categories in decision-making?

A

Very important decisions, important decisions and less important decisions.

32
Q

What are very important decisions in decision making ?

A

These are financial decisions like moving house or a change of job.These decisions were taken by the husband or taken jointly but having the husband with the final say declaring more power

33
Q

What are important decisions in decision making?

A

These focus on the quality of family life all the children’s lives like the children’s school choice or going on holiday. These decisions were taken jointly but seldom by the wife because they involved an economic investment.

34
Q

What are less important decisions in decision making ?

A

These decisions focus on every day choices in the family life like shopping or clothing and were usually made by the wife.

35
Q

What was Hardell’s findings in decision making ?

A

She discovered that middle-class wives differed in major decisions with their husbands as the husband was the main breadwinner.

36
Q

MONEY MANAGEMENT VOLGER (5 Systems of Money Management)

What is the female whole wage system?

A

When women manage all the money and men getting an allowance for personal spending.

37
Q

MONEY MANAGEMENT VOLGER (5 Systems of Money Management)

What is the male whole wage allowance system?

A

When men manage all the money apart from a housekeeping allowance that they give to their partner.

38
Q

MONEY MANAGEMENT VOLGER (5 Systems of Money Management)

What is the joint pooling system?

A

When all money is pooled and in theory managed equally.

39
Q

MONEY MANAGEMENT VOLGER (5 Systems of Money Management)

What is the partial pooling system?

A

When some money is pooled but each partner keep some money which is not pooled.

40
Q

MONEY MANAGEMENT VOLGER (5 Systems of Money Management)

What is the independent management system?

A

When no money is pooled.

41
Q

What is a personal life perspective on money?

A

This focuses on the meanings couples give to who controls the money.

42
Q

What did Carol Smart find about A Personal Life perspective on money ?

A

She found that some gay men and lesbian women attaching importance to who control the money and did not see the control of money as meaning either equally or an equally in the relationship.

43
Q

What is Domestic Violence?

A

Any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling or threatening behaviour, violence who are or have been partners or family members. (Regardless of Gender or Sexuality) (Aged 16 or Over).

44
Q

What abuse can domestic violence include?

A

Psychological, physical, sexual, financial and emotional violence and abuse.

45
Q

What did Coleman find about Domestic Abuse ?

A

That women were more likely than men to have experienced domestic abuse.

46
Q

1 in how many women will experience domestic violence in their lifetime.

A

4

47
Q

Who is most at risk of domestic violence?

A

1) Young women
2) Those in the lower social classes and living in deprived areas
3) Those living in shared and rented accommodation
4) Those with high levels of alcohol and drug consumption
5) Those with a long-term illness or disability

48
Q

What are the 4 explanations for Domestic Violence ?

A

1) Materialistic Explanations
2) Psychological Explanations
3) Culture, History and Social Structure
4) Masculinity and Violence

49
Q

What are the Materialistic Explanations for Domestic Violence?

A

It focuses on the inequality of economic and material factors such as income and housing.

50
Q

What are the psychological explanations in domestic violence ?

A

Antisocial and narcissistic offenders have hostile attitudes towards women and tended to condone domestic violence as being acceptable.

Borderline and emotional volatile offenders were less emotionally abusive towards their partner but would make more extreme threats over physical abuse being controlling over money and their partner being able to go out and see other people.

51
Q

What are the Culture, History and Social Structure in Domestic Violence? (Dobash And Dobash)

A

 they argued that DV can only be understood in a historical and structural context and that it is linked with the existence of the patriarchy and the power by men over women to maintain dominance.

52
Q

What is Masculinity and Violence in Domestic Abuse?

A

That domestic violence is a part of a masculine identity as masculinity is challenged as they don’t want to be pushed around by women and therefore wanting authority and control.

Sociology Families And Households (6 decks)

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